What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Essay

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the antimonopoly law in china - Essay Example Some businesses, whether private or state owned could monopolize the market activities, from which most small organizations and individual businesses felt strained, and could eventually close the businesses. Having the price of products and services dictated by a specific organization made them monopolize the markets and their shares, such that small and medium enterprises felt inferior, most of them operating under influence of bigger companies and with little as benefits. The Antimonopoly law began operating in early August 2008, making China a vital competition law jurisdiction, for international and domestic businesses, or companies with running activities in China’s territory. Its three broad rules are based on prohibiting abuse of dominant market positions and restrictive agreements, mergers rules preventing mergers or joint ventures that restrict competition as well as control M&A activities, and rules forbidding abuse of administrative powers that end up in competition restriction. The application of the law is viewed differently among the people of China. Some think it applies to all businesses or organizations in dealings of providing goods and services, while others think the complexity of the law has something to enhance leniency in state owned enterprises. However, even after its initiation, several factors have dominated to restrict full enforcement of the law. They include limited transparency, concentration, influence from government involvement, outdated economic planning, unreliable market infrastructure, unnecessary enforcement of law, insider control, and general resistance. So far, the Anti Monopoly Law (AML) is being enforced by three bodies; MOFCOM, NDRC and SAIC, to ensure fair competition, safeguard social public and consumer interest, boost economic efficiency, and restrain monopolistic behavior. The enforcement agencies continue to experience challenges and problems in the law enforcement practice, limiting effective applicatio n and acceptance of the AML by the people. 1. Limited Transparency Over the years, the enforcement agencies have been handling many cases to do with monopolistic agreements, merger control, and price and non price related cases for the companies and businesses operating and showing interest to practice within China. The NDRC and SAIC have faced accusations of hiding investigation results, but MOFCOM has so far been transparent. NDRC and SAIC, which are regulators of anti monopoly law of China have limited transparency to a certain level, raising the need for confidentiality of certain information, with respect to the companies after investigation. For example, the TravelSky, which is a state owned company, was alleged to change its discount policies back in 2009, influencing other airlines in its network to raise airfares that resulted in country wide complaints The NDRC was the enforcement agency responsible for conducting investigations in the case, but the consumers of the airlin e service and the public never got to hear the results of the investigation (Wang, 2011). The controversial issue remains as to why some investigation results of certain companies are disclosed, while those of others never get to be released to the public. Again, most of the cases brought forward are convictions of private enterprises, in areas of cartels and abuse of dominance. Does it mean that the law breakers are private organizations and businesses? Surely, the state owned enterprises (SOE) are no exception, but too many issues to do with them are being ignored, or leniency is being applied to them as a favor. The structure of

Context of Indigenous health Essay Example for Free

Context of Indigenous health Essay Historical context and social determinants of Indigenous health There is a clear relationship between the social disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people and their current health status [1]. These social disadvantages, directly related to dispossession and characterised by poverty and powerlessness, are reflected in measures of education, employment, and income. Before presenting the key indicators of Indigenous health status, it is important, therefore, to provide a brief summary of the context within which these indicators should be considered. The historical context of Indigenous health Indigenous peoples generally enjoyed better health in 1788 than most people living in Europe [2][3][4][5][6]. They did not suffer from smallpox, measles, influenza, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, venereal syphilis and gonorrhoea, diseases that were common in 18th century Europe. Indigenous people probably suffered from hepatitis B, some bacterial infections (including a non-venereal form of syphilis and yaws) and some intestinal parasites. Trauma is likely to have been a major cause of death, and anaemia, arthritis, periodontal disease, and tooth attrition are known to have occurred. The impact of these diseases at a population level was relatively small compared with the effects of the diseases that affected 18th century Europe. All of this changed after 1788 with the arrival of introduced illness, initially smallpox and sexually transmissible infections (gonorrhoea and venereal syphilis), and later tuberculosis, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough [3][4][7][8]. These diseases, particularly smallpox, caused considerable loss of life among Indigenous populations, but the impacts were not restricted to the immediate victims. The epidemic also affected the fabric of Indigenous societies through depopulation and social disruption. The impact of introduced diseases was almost certainly the major cause of death for Indigenous people, but direct conflict and occupation of Indigenous homelands also contributed substantially to Indigenous mortality [7][9][10]. The initial responses of Indigenous people to the arrival of the First Fleet were apparently quite peaceful. It didnt take long, however, before conflict started to occur initially over access to fish stocks and then over access to other resources as non-Indigenous people started to plant crops and introduce livestock. This pattern of conflict was almost certainly widespread as non-Indigenous people spread across the country. Conflict escalated in many places, in some instances resulting in overt massacres of Indigenous people. The 1838 massacre at Myall Creek (near Inverell, NSW) is the most infamous [11], but less well-known massacres occurred across Australia [10]. As Bruce Elder notes, as painful and shameful as they are, the massacres should be as much a part of Australian history as the First Fleet, the explorers, the gold rushes and the bushrangers ([10], p. vi). Prior to 1788, Indigenous people were able to define their own sense of being through control over all aspects of their lives, including ceremonies, spiritual practices, medicine, social relationships, management of land, law, and economic activities [12][13][14]. In addition to the impacts of introduced diseases and conflict, the spread of non-Indigenous peoples undermined the ability of Indigenous people to lead healthy lives by devaluing their culture, destroying their traditional food base, separating families, and dispossessing whole communities [3][4][7]. This loss of autonomy undermined social vitality, which, in turn, affected the capacity to meet challenges, including health challenges; a cycle of dispossession, demoralisation, and poor health was established. These impacts on Indigenous populations eventually forced colonial authorities to try to protect remaining Indigenous peoples. This pressure led to the establishment of Aboriginal protection boards, the first established in Vic by the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1869 [15]. A similar Act established the NSW Aborigines Protection Board in 1883, with the other colonies also enacting legislation to protect Indigenous populations within their boundaries. The protection provided under the provisions of the various Acts imposed enormous restrictions on the lives of many Indigenous people. These restrictions meant that, as late as 1961, in eastern Australia nearly one-third of all Australians recorded as being of Aboriginal descent lived in settlements ([16], p. 4). The provisions of the Acts were also used to justify the forced separation of Indigenous children from their families by compulsion, duress or undue influence ([15], p. 2). The National Inquiry into the separation of the children concluded that between one-in-three and one-in-ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970 ([15], p. 31). It was the 1960s, at the earliest, when the various protection Acts were either repealed or became inoperative. The importance of contemporary social determinants and cultural concepts of Indigenous health The health disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people can be considered historical in origin [14], but perpetuation of the disadvantages owes much to contemporary structural and social factors, embodied in what have been termed the social determinants of health [1][17][18]. In broad terms, economic opportunity, physical infrastructure, and social conditions influence the health of individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. These factors are specifically manifest in measures such as education, employment, income, housing, access to services, social networks, connection with land, racism, and incarceration. On all these measures, Indigenous people suffer substantial disadvantage. For many Indigenous people, the ongoing effects of protection and the forced separation of children from their families compound other social disadvantages. It is also important in considering Indigenous health to understand how Indigenous people themselves conceptualise health. There was no separate term in Indigenous languages for health as it is understood in western society [19]. The traditional Indigenous perspective of health is holistic. It encompasses everything important in a persons life, including land, environment, physical body, community, relationships, and law. Health is the social, emotional, and cultural wellbeing of the whole community and the concept is therefore linked to the sense of being Indigenous. This conceptualisation of health has much in common with the social determinants model and has crucial implications for the simple application of biomedically-derived concepts as a means of improving Indigenous health. The reductionist, biomedical approach is undoubtedly useful in identifying and reducing disease in individuals, but its limitations in addressing population-wide health disadvantages, such as those experienced by Indigenous people, must be recognised. Indicators of Indigenous social disadvantage. The key measures in these areas for Indigenous people nationally include: Education According to 2011 Australian Census [20]: 92% of 5 year-old Indigenous children were attending an educational institution 1. 6% of the Indigenous population had not attended school compared with 0. 9% of the non-Indigenous population 29% of Indigenous people reported year 10 as their highest year of school completion; 25% had completed year 12, compared with 52% of non-Indigenous people 26% of Indigenous people reported having a post-school qualification, compared with 49% of non-Indigenous people 4. 6% of Indigenous people had attained a bachelor degree or higher, compared with 20% of non-Indigenous people. An ABS school report [21] revealed, in 2011: the apparent retention rate for Indigenous students from year 7/8 to year 10 was 99%, from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 49% for non-Indigenous students, the apparent retention rate from year 7/8 to year 10 was 101%; and from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 81%. The 2011 national report on schooling in Australia [22] showed: 76% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 66% in year 5 were at or above the national minimum standard for reading, compared with 95% and 93% respectively of all Australian students 80% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for persuasive writing, compared with 96% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 72% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5. Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for spelling, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 93% of all year 5 students 71% of year 3 Indigenous students and 65% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for grammar and punctuation, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 84% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 75% in year 5 were at or above the national minimum standard for numeracy, compared with 96% and 96% respectively of all Australian students. Employment According to the 2011 Australian Census [20]: 42% of Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 17% were unemployed. In comparison, 61% of non-Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 5% were unemployed the most common occupation classification of employed Indigenous people was labourer (18%) followed by community and personal service workers (17%). The most common occupation classification of employed non-Indigenous people was professional (22%). Income According to the 2011 Australian Census [20]: the mean equivalised gross household income for Indigenous persons was around $475 per week approximately 59% of that for non-Indigenous persons (around $800). Indigenous population Based on information collected as a part of the 2011 Census of Population and Housing, the ABS has estimated the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population at 669,736 people at 30 June 2011 [23]. The estimated population for NSW was the highest (208,364 Indigenous people), followed by Qld (188,892), WA (88,277), and the NT (68,901) (Table 1). The NT has the highest proportion of Indigenous people among its population (29. 8%) and Vic the lowest (0. 9%). Table 1: Estimated Indigenous population, by jurisdiction, Australia, 30 June 2011 JurisdictionIndigenous population (number)Proportion of Australian Indigenous population (%)Proportion of jurisdiction population (%) Source: ABS, 2012 [23] Notes: Preliminary estimates are subject to revision; population projections are expected to be finalised by 2014 Australian population includes Jervis Bay Territory, the Cocos (Keeling). Islands, and Christmas Island Proportions of jurisdiction population have used total population figures estimated from demographic information for June 2011 NSW208,36431. 12. 9 Vic47,3277. 10. 9 Qld188,89228. 24. 2 WA88,27713. 23. 8 SA37,3925. 62. 3 Tas24,1553. 64. 7 ACT6,1670. 91. 7 NT68,90110. 329. 8. Australia669,736100. 03. 0 There was a 21% increase in the number of Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census compared with the 2006 Census2 [24]. The largest increases were in the ACT (34%), Vic (26%), NSW (25%) and Qld (22%). For all jurisdictions, the 55 years and over age-group showed the largest relative increase. There are two structural reasons contributing to the growth of the Indigenous population: the slightly higher fertility rates of Indigenous women compared with the rates of other Australian women (see Births and pregnancy outcome); and the significant numbers of Indigenous babies born to Indigenous fathers and non-Indigenous mothers. Two other factors are considered likely to have contributed to the increase in people identifying as Indigenous: changes in enumeration processes (i. e. more Indigenous people are being captured during the census process); and changes in identification (i. e. people who did not previously identify as Indigenous in the census have changed their response). Based on the 2011 Census, around 33% of Indigenous people lived in a capital city [25]. Detailed information about the geographic distribution of the Indigenous population for 2011 is not yet available, but figures from the 2006 Census indicated that the majority of Indigenous people lived in cities and towns [26]. Slightly more than one-half of the Indigenous population lived in areas classified as major cities or inner regional areas, compared with almost nine-tenths of the non-Indigenous population. (As well as these two classifications of remoteness in terms of access to goods and services and opportunities for social interaction, the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) has four other categories: outer regional, remote, very remote, and migratory [27]. ) Almost one-quarter of Indigenous people lived in areas classified as remote or very remote in relation to having very little access to goods, services and opportunities for social interaction ([28], p. 3). Less than 2% of non-Indigenous people lived in remote or very remote areas [26]. In terms of specific geographical areas, more than one-half (53%) of all Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census lived in nine of the 57 Indigenous regions (based largely on the former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) regions) [25]. The three largest regions were in eastern Australia (Brisbane, NSW Central and the North Coast, and Sydney-Wollongong), which accounted for 29% of the total Indigenous population. According to the 2011 Census, around 90% of Indigenous people are Aboriginal, 6% are Torres Strait Islanders, and 4% people identified as being of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent [25]. Around 63% of Torres Strait Islander people3 lived in Qld; NSW was the only other state with a large number of Torres Strait Islander people. The Indigenous population is much younger overall than the non-Indigenous population (Figure 1) [23]. According to estimates from the 2011 Census, at June 2011 about 36% Indigenous people were aged less than 15 years, compared with 18% of non-Indigenous people. About 3. 4% of Indigenous people were aged 65 years or over, compared with 14% of non-Indigenous people. Figure 1. Population pyramid of Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, 30 June 2011 Population pyramid of indigenous and non-indigenous populations, 2011 Source: ABS, 2012 [23] References Carson B, Dunbar T, Chenhall RD, Bailie R, eds. (2007) Social determinants of Indigenous health. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin Jackson LR, Ward JE (1999) Aboriginal health: why is reconciliation necessary?. Medical Journal of Australia; 170(9): 437-440 Butlin NG (1993) Economics and the dreamtime : a hypothetical history. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Campbell J (2002) Invisible invaders: smallpox and other diseases in Aboriginal Australia 1780-1880. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press Webb S (2009) Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: health and disease across a hunter-gatherer continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anderson W (2007). The colonial medicine of settler states: comparing histories of Indigenous health. Health and History; 9(2): 144-154 Butlin NG (1983) Our original aggression : Aboriginal populations of southeastern Australia, 1788-1850. Sydney: Allen Unwin Thomson N (1991) Tuberculosis among Aborigines. In: Proust AJ, ed. History of tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACT: Brolga Press: 61-67 Reynolds H (1982) The other side of the frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books Elder B (2003) Blood on the wattle: massacres and maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788. 3rd ed. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W: New Holland Harrison B (1978) The Myall Creek massacre. In: McBryde I, ed. Records of times past : ethnohistorical essays on the culture and ecology of the New England tribes. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies: 17-51 Howitt R (2001) Rethinking resource management : justice, sustainability and Indigenous peoples. London: Routledge Hunter E (1993) Aboriginal health and history: power and prejudice in remote Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Saggers S, Gray D (1991) Aboriginal health and society: the traditional and contemporary Aboriginal struggle for better health. North Sydney: Allen and Unwin National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families (1997) Bringing them home: report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families. Retrieved 17 November 2011 from http://www. humanrights. gov. au/pdf/social_justice/bringing_them_home_report. pdf Long JPM (1970) Aboriginal settlements: a survey of institutional communities in eastern Australia. Canberra: Australian National University Press Marmot M (2004) The status syndrome: how social standing affects our health and longevity. New York: Holt Paperbacks Wilkinson R, Marmot M (2003) Social determinants of health: the solid facts. Denmark: World Health Organization National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party (1989) A national Aboriginal health strategy. Canberra: Department of Aboriginal Affairs Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing: characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) Schools, Australia, 2010. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2011) National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy: achievement in reading, persuasive writing, language conventions and numeracy: national report for 2011. Sydney: Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Australian demographic statistics, March quarter 2012. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Yap M, Biddle N (2012) Indigenous fertility and family formation: CAEPR Indigenous population project: 2011 census papers. Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Population characteristics.

The Matrix - Finding Reality In The Matrix Essay -- essays research pa

Movies are wonderful things; they can inspire, spark debate, and even make you believe in what you are seeing. Virtual Reality is a creation of a highly interactive computer-based multimedia environment in which the user becomes a participant with the computer in a "virtually real" world. Movies and virtual reality can do the same thing: make you believe what is presented to you. Although there are several movies which use virtual reality in the plot, such as The Lawnmower Man, and Hackers, the one most prevalent to me is The Matrix. Although this movie contains many aspects of virtual reality, it stands out in my mind so much because it suggests that the world in which we live, is a virtual one. The Matrix has many different aspects of virtual reality and they are incorporated throughout the movie. Virtual reality is involved in this movie in one major way: it suggests that our world is merely a virtual reality program that was created in order to â€Å"control† humans and keep them from the â€Å"real world,† which has been taken over by artificial intelligence who harvest humans for power. The main character in the movie is Gary Anderson, affectionately known to the hacker-world as Neo. He is contacted by people who have escaped the Matrix, and through a series of adventures, joins them. At one point in the movie, Neo goes to a psychic to find out if he is the one person who can save the rest of us from the Matrix. While waiting to see the psychic, Neo encounters a boy, ...

The Pruitt-Igoe Myth

In the middle of St. Louis, Missouri, just northwest of the Gateway Arch, is a vast and vacant fifty-seven-acre woodland. Oak and hickory trees are slowly reclaiming ground and overtaking the scant remains of thirty-three eleven-story apartment buildings, which once comprised the Pruitt-Igoe public housing complex. Completed in the mid-1950s before construction of the Arch even began, Pruitt-Igoe was one of the largest low-income public housing projects in the country. For nearly a decade, the complex distinguished the St. Louis city's skyline and received praise for its innovative modernist architecture that incorporated the planning principles of a radiant city. Yet just eighteen years after residents moved in, state and federal authorities demolished the towers with explosives and abandoned the site. What caused this immense failure in urban planning and public housing? This critical question is at the center of Chad Freidrichs' documentary, The Pruitt-Igoe Myth: An Urban History. The documentary claims that three interconnected issues account for Pruitt-Igoe's collapse. First, the economy essentially abandoned Pruitt-Igoe. After World War II, midwestern cities like St. Louis were flooding with poorer minorities from the southern states farms, where technology in agriculture displaced laborers. When these minorities arrived, the white middle class moving to the suburbs was nearly complete. Coincidentally, the same act that made Pruitt-Igoe possible also fueled this suburbanization via expanded Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans that made houses on the city's outskirts more affordable. The documentary makes it clear that the move to the suburbs was problematic because it caused the de-population and de-capitalization of Midwestern urban centers, where public housing initiatives were underway and premised upon continued urban growth, demands for high density living, and available jobs—all trends that did not come true. The Pruitt-Igoe myth was confirmation of whites disinterest in accepting minorities into their communities. For example, the whites' exodus to the suburbs (getting away from black people) began reversing itself when some minorities began to move into the suburbs and some whites moved back to the city. Throughout St. Louis history, we see countless number of incidents like these in terms of gentrification. Homes are taken away from minority families through gentrification forcing families to leave their only habitats and social support with services and other needs. The history of Pruitt-Igoe sheds light on today's challenges the city of St. Louis faces in regards to racial disparities. Second, the documentary finds fault with the laws that built and maintained the complex. Pruitt-Igoe was a product of the 1949 Public Housing Act, passed to address mounting problems in urban low income neighborhoods by providing safer houses and eliminating profit making landlords. When it first opened, residents dreamt that Pruitt-Igoe could be a â€Å"poor man's penthouse,† offering beds for all family members, privacy, and healthier living conditions. However, as the documentary maintains, it was a naive assumption on the legislatures that better housing alone could fix the broad societal problems that gave rise to the â€Å"ghettos† in the first place. Further, former residents assert that one of the main reasons Pruitt-Igoe fell was the failure of authorities to plan for the future and secure funds for maintaining the large housing complex. Last and not the least, segregation and racism effectively eliminated any meaningful opportunities remaining for the residents of Pruitt-Igoe. From the beginning, authorities planned to officially segregate the complex and use public housing as a tool to prevent what was termed â€Å"negro de-concentration.† When Pruitt-Igoe opened, though, the Supreme Court's decision that same year in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) required a change of plans, but white residents simply left, which resulted in perpetuating the effects of segregation. Moreover, white public housing authorities attempted to control the predominantly African American inhabitants with moralistic rules, such as restricting adult men, single or married, from living in Pruitt-Igoe. This resulted in broken families and no role model black male figures to help guide the young ones. The residents of Pruitt-Igoe brought these and other numerous issues like sanitation, water, heat and electricity problems to the city and housing officials but to no avail. The City and housing officials failed the residents of Pruitt Igoe. The people were living under deplorable conditions and concentrated poverty but because of the color of their skin they couldn't get any meaningful help or attention. Today, the â€Å"Pruitt-Igoe† issues in St. Louis still exist. Houses and complex apartments may not be demolished, but the constant negligence and lack of support from St. Louis City and housing officials is quite stunning considering we're living in the year 2018. It's so unfortunate that the â€Å"Pruitt-Igoe's† racial issue and the affects are still present today.

Athenian democracy similar to American democracy Essay

Our country was called a democracy when we still had millions of slaves. Our nation today is called a democracy when millions of citizens never exercise their right to vote, a few hundred party leaders select our national political candidates, and only those who have million-dollar treasuries can run for political office with a reasonable chance of winning. Latin American military dictatorships are called democracies. South Vietnam with a single candidate for president during the Vietnam War was called a democracy. The word democracy comes from two Greek words: a noun, demos which means †people† and a verb, kratein, which means †to rule,† Its basic meaning is †government by the people† or â€Å"rule by the ruled.† Ideas were expressed directly through the Assembly, which consisted of all male citizens over 18 years of age and who were willing to attend the sessions held about every 10 days. There was no system of representation calling for long campaigns and expensive elections. If you lived in the country you had to get up at the crack of dawn in order to get to the meeting place of the Assembly, a rocky hillside within the city gates. The police chased all the loafers off the Angora, a kind of public park, in order to encourage good attendance. Anyone who had powerful enough lungs to make himself heard by 6000 or more voters could speak to the Assembly. Of course, if you were a well-known and respected leader your chances of being listened to were greater. Whatever this Assembly decided by vote was the law of the land. Athens, both the city and its surrounding countryside was divided into 10 electoral districts called †tribes.† These districts were further divided into precincts or †demes† which had some limited self-government in the rural areas. Each precinct named candidates over 30 years of age for the Council of 500. From these candidates 50 were chosen by lot for each tribe to serve as members of the Council of 500 for a year’ The final choice by lot was one of the most democratic devices imaginable and reduced the danger of political skullduggery. There was no danger that the Council could turn into a private preserve for the wealthy or influential as modern government bodies have a tendency to do, because members served only one year: no man  could be a member two years in a row; and no one could serve more than twice in his lifetime. Just imagine what our legislatures and Congress would be like if we had rules like that.

Free Essays on How To Improve Your English

that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en... Free Essays on How To Improve Your English Free Essays on How To Improve Your English How To Improve Your English English is now the international language .So it is very important to learn English well. We should study English in the correct way, so that we can make the most of the time we spend learning English. Discovering ways to improve their English is a problem which baffles many students. There are three ways to improve English First of all, We have to learn many English words and study English grammar in great detail. Reading is the best way to increase vocabularies and learn how to avoid making grammar errors. If we read magazines written in English, regular reading will make it easier for us to remember the many new words we come across. Having a dictionary is just like having a teacher close at hand. We need to use a dictionary to look up those words that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en...

Validity and Reliability Essays

Validity and Reliability Essays Validity and Reliability Essay Validity and Reliability Essay My role as a researcher and as a teacher was difficult and there were a lot of issues that I should consider. Different external factors influenced the whole teaching process and it was hard to get over them. As a solo observer researching in the field of my professional area, I was realizing that in a lot of cases there were dangers of bias and assumption that were influencing my observations. Also, it wasnt easy taking notes and teaching at the same time, so my notes during the teaching process were limited. In order to avoid that I asked from a friend to help by taking some notes about specific characteristics that she could observe during the teaching process. I have tried that in one meeting but it wasnt easy since my friend didnt have any knowledge or skills on taking notes about the things that I wanted to observe. Therefore, I found it more useful to take my own notes. Another limitation that occurred in the current research was the fact that students didnt have much time and meetings of each group were narrowed in just two, instead of three that were the initiative purpose. However, even if the time of the study was limited the fact that I was present while students were working revealed to be valuable since I had the opportunity to ask questions during the process in order to gain greater and specific knowledge about the questions that this research seeks to answer. Moreover, the fact that the meetings werent conducted during school time, in a real learning environment with classroom settings, was another restriction. I realized that in some cases students didnt face their participation in the whole process in a similar way that they would see their participation in a school lesson. In addition, students didnt see me as a regular classroom teacher and this made my role more difficult. It was hard for me to make them focus on the teaching process, because they didnt see the whole procedure equally as a real classroom lesson, but as an evening activity. The main criticisms about observations lie in the fields of validity and reliability. According to Foster (1996), coders might be influenced by wrong prior assumptions they might have. For that reason patterns for general human behaviour must be distinguished from expectations and predictions about particular individuals (Sanger, 1996, p.41). The researcher should adopt a dual role and exchanging between been involved and been detached (Simpson and Tuson, 1995). However, as Sanger (1996) indicates is difficult to see with new eyes, or with the eyes of others. Otherwise our very familiarity with the environment blinds us to perspicacity (p.9). Accordingly, being an observer and a teacher involved issues of bias and objectivity that should be considered in order to ensure validity and reliability in my research. I found it difficult to detach myself from the role of researcher and not become biased from what I expect to see. In some cases, I realised that as a researcher I was expecting to see some things and therefore as a teacher I was pushing students to a certain direction so that I could collect more data about this study. Consequently, in order to ensure more reliability and validity in my analysis I tried to act like a classroom teacher rather that a researcher during the period that the meetings were happening. After all the sessions ended I got involved with the transcription and analysis of students conversations as a researcher. With that way my role as a teacher didnt influence much my role as researcher. Ethical Issues  When conducting a survey with children observations there is variety of ethical issues that emerge and need to be thought. One of the most important matters is be careful between invasion and protection of privacy (Cohen et al, 2000). As Richards (2003) advises, you have to keep in mind that you are getting is someone elses world, who is helping you. So, instead of being frustrating you have to be discreet, especially with note taking and recording procedures. Consequently, the first thing that I had to arrange was to ensure parents permission for the participation of their children in the current study. So, information sheets and consent forms were given to parents in order to take their permissions and guarantee that observations would be made under privacy, anonymity and confidentiality. Moreover, during the study and the written report, information about students wont be mentioned, excluding their first names. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS In the present section of the study results from VAK are illustrated along with the findings from contextual analysis of students conversations during the teaching activities as well as the program strategies they used. Moreover, the results from group interviews that were analyzed in detail are presented, in order to identify students motivations toward the two learning approaches. All the above are mentioned in separate sections for each group, while later on a comparison between the two groups and some discussion takes part.

How to Find the Best Credit Card for You

How to Find the Best Credit Card for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Trying to choose the right credit card can get overwhelming fast. There are tons of options, and every company claims to offer the best one. How can you sort through the jargon and find the best card for your personal finances? I believe that to choose the right card, you need to understand yourself as a consumer. How can you get started down the road of financial self-discovery? First, take my personal finance quiz below. Personal Finance Quiz: What’s Your Financial Style? You see a lot of conflicting advice out there for credit card seekers. Some people love credit cards, saying that they’re great for building credit and getting nice perks. Others fall on the opposite end of the spectrum, saying that cards are the devil and one should avoid them at all costs. So who’s right? As it turns out, both perspectives are right, depending on which card you choose. If you choose wisely, then you’ll successfully build your credit and potentially see nice rewards in the process. If you choose poorly, then you could find yourself in a pit of debt. The key to choosing is understanding what kind of consumer you are. To find out, take this short quiz. True or False: When I use credit cards, I spend more loosely than I would with cash. I have good self-control. I am often spontaneous. When I use coupons, I get enjoyment beyond the money saved. It’s very important to me that I’m getting the best deal possible down to the very cent. I am frugal. Once you’ve responded to each of the statements above, tally up one point for each of your answers that matches the key below: 1) True; 2) False; 3) True; 4) False; 5) False; 6) False For instance, if I marked every statement as "true," then I’d end up with 2 points (a point for question 1 and a point for question 3). Now, let’s take a look at what these points mean in terms of your financial profile. Assessing Your Financial Profile: What Does Your Score Mean? If you’re going to enter into a credit card contract, then you should do so from a place of self-awareness. I don’t mean the kind of self-awareness that comes from a week-long silent yoga retreat. Instead, I mean that you understand the way you use your money and what motivates you to save or spend. The quiz is all about getting to the root of your spending habits, as well as the psychological reasons behind your actions, like self-control in the face of temptations. Let’s see what each quiz result means, and how you can use your results to find the best credit card for you. Scores of 0 - 2: The Optimizers If you scored somewhere between 0 and 2 on this quiz, then you might be an optimizer (like me!). You enjoy getting every last mile out of things and shopping around for the best possible deals. You do your research, compare prices, seek out sales, and buy when the time is right. If you’re an optimizer, then I would suggest you take the time to analyze your spending habits. Take a look at your budget, and find your top three highest spend categories. You can leave out expenses that you wouldn’t put on a credit card, like rent. Relevant spending categories could include restaurants, entertainment, transportation, and clothes. Once you’ve figured out your biggest spend categories, you should look around for cards with matching rewards. If you spend a lot on travel, then you’d benefit from a travel rewards card. If you love to eat out, then you might prefer a restaurant rewards card. People who commute long distances back and forth to work everyday could get the most mileage from a gas rewards card. If you’re looking to carry more than one card, you could also sign up for a general rewards card that gives you something like 2% back on all of your purchases. I like to have a flat-rate card to fall back on, just in case. Another thing that might appeal to your maximizing mindset? A lot of rewards cards offer sign-up bonuses, giving you several hundred dollars toward travel or as cash back when you spend a minimum amount in the first months of opening an account. The potential downside is that some of these cards have annual fees after the first year. For some people, I’d say that the fee isn’t worth it; the rewards don’t add up enough to make up for the yearly fee. If you’re interested in a card with a fee, then you should break down your spending and see if you would get enough rewards in the long run. Even though rewards like travel points offer psychological benefits- it helps you set aside money specifically for traveling- it might be costing you more money in the long run. So now that you know what kind of cards to look for, what are some specific credit cards that appeal to optimizers? Best Credit Cards for Optimizers These are my suggestion for the best credit cards for optimizers who like to put in a little extra effort to get the best possible deals. Chase Sapphire Preferred This travel rewards card gives you 2X points on restaurants and travel and a point for each dollar that you spend on everything else. You’ll also earn 50,000 bonus points if you earn $4,000 in the first three months. You can redeem points as cash back or use them to book through the Chase search engine. If you use the Chase search tool, then your points will be worth 25% more. The downside of this card is that it charges a $95 annual fee after the first year. Barclaycard Arrival Plus World Elite MasterCard This travel rewards card gives you 2X miles on all purchases, plus you get 5% of your miles back when you redeem them. You’re not restricted to any particular airlines or hotels. If you spend $3,000 in the first 90 days of opening an account, then you’ll earn 40,000 bonus miles. After the first year, this card charges an annual fee of $89. Citi Thank You Card This card is good for those who love to eat out. You’ll earn 2X points on every dollar you spend at restaurants. You’ll also get a bonus of 20,000 points if you spend $1,500 in the first three months of opening. This card is seriously restaurant-oriented; it even has a personal concierge service to help you make reservations. The Citi Thank You Card has no annual fee. Discover It Card The Discover It card gives 5% cash back on purchases made in certain categories, like restaurants, online shopping, and gas, that change quarterly. It also gives you 1% cash back on everything else. It has no annual fee. Citi Double Cash Card This card is a great back up for times when you don’t want to think about maximizing your rewards. It offers a flat-rate of 2% cash back on all your purchases. This card is also appealing because it has no annual fee. The only downside is that it doesn’t offer a rewards bonus for opening an account, and those hundreds of dollars in the first few month can be a welcome sign up gift. Now let’s consider the next category of spenders, those who scored in the middle of the road. Scores of 3 - 4: Middle of the Road Spenders If you scored between 3 and 4 on the quiz, then you might be a middle of the road spender. I’d say that the majority of people fall into this category. You have decent self-control, but you’re not obsessive about optimizing savings on all your purchases or maximizing rewards in a certain spending category. If this sounds like you, then I’d suggest getting a flat-rate card. You could get 1 to 2% back on all of your purchases across the board, and you don’t have to think about where you spend your money or what kind of rewards you’ll see. It’s consistent across all spending areas. Of course, getting this card assumes that you won’t change your spending habits because you have a credit card. You don’t want to end up carrying a balance month to month and getting into debt as a result of high interest rates. Just because you can technically charge a huge purchase to a credit card, doesn’t mean you should. If you can’t pay off a purchase within the month, then you should think hard about whether buying it on credit is the way to go. If you’re a middle of the road spender, what specific credit cards would work best for you? Best Credit Cards for Middle of the Road Spenders These are my suggestions for middle of the road spenders who don’t want to keep up with quarterly changes in rewards categories or worry about which card they use for each purchase. For the most part, these cards offer flat-rate rewards on any purchases. Citi Double Cash Card As you saw above, the Citi Double Cash Card is my top pick for a flat rate rewards card. It gives you 2% cash back on all purchases and has no annual fee. Again, the downside is that it doesn’t offer any bonuses for signing up. Capital One Venture Rewards This card gives you travel points at a flat rate of 2 miles on all purchases. If you spend $3,000 in the first three months, then you’ll get a bonus of 40,000 miles. After the first year, this card has an annual fee of $59. Capital One Quicksilver Cash Rewards This flat-rate card gives you 1.5% cash back on every purchase you make. It offers a $100 bonus after you spend $500 in the first three months. There’s no annual fee. BankAmericard Cash Rewards This card gives you 1% back on every purchase, plus 2% back at grocery stores and 3% on gas. You’ll get a bonus of $100 after you spend $500 in the first 90 days. There’s no annual fee. Finally, let’s consider the third type of spenders who scored highly on the personal finance quiz. Scores of 5 - 6: Spontaneous Spenders If you scored highly on this quiz, then you might find it challenging to control your spending. Maybe you love shopping, for instance, and find it difficult not to splurge every weekend at the mall. With a credit card, you might spend more than you normally would if you were just using cash. If this sounds like, or if you’re worried that a credit card would be too irresistible not to use beyond your means, then you might consider getting a card that puts caps on your spending. You should also compare interest rates and avoid the high ones. There are some credit cards that work like phone cards. You can load them up with a set number of points each month and thereby set a spending limit for yourself. Similarly, you could look into a secured credit card that doesn’t give you very much credit and requires a deposit before you sign on. You could also avoid credit cards altogether and just use your debit card, assuming that it doesn’t have overdrafts or fees. Keep in mind that a debit card takes money directly from your bank account, so it doesn’t help build up your credit. If you’re trying to gain more control over your spending habits and build credit, then you might start with a low-limit card (either secured or not secured). You could self-impose a 6-month probationary period where you look at your budget and figure out whether you’re spending more with a card that you would without one. As you gain control over your personal finances, you can eventually move onto a non-secured or rewards credit card. Below are my suggestions for the best credit cards for spontaneous spenders. Best Credit Cards for Spontaneous Spenders The suggested cards below help you set limits on your spending. There are two secured credit cards and two prepaid debit cards. Capital One Secured Mastercard This card asks you to make a deposit of $49, $99, or $200 and gives you a limit of up to $200 depending on your credit. You need to pay the full amount of your deposit within 80 days. It has no annual fee. Discover It Secured Card This is a rare secured card that also gives you rewards- 2% cash back on up to $1,000 of spending on restaurants and gas and 1% on other purchases. You need to make an initial deposit of $200 with a bank account. Each month, you’ll be automatically evaluated to see if you qualify for a regular, non-secured card. There’s no annual fee. Bluebird This fee-free card, available both to people with bank accounts and to those without, lets you load cash at WalMart stores and deposit through the Bluebird app. Withdrawals are free at MoneyPass ATMs, but they cost fees between $2.50 and $9.00 at other ATMs. This card works wherever merchants accept American Express and has no annual fee. American Express Serve You can order this prepaid card online for free, and no credit check is required. You load it with cash for free at locations like Rite Aid, Wal-Mart, and some 7-Elevens. There’s a $4.95 monthly fee (except in Texas, New York, and Vermont). At this point, you may have noticed that I haven’t talked very much about interest rates. A lot of people think that low and high interest rates are a top consideration when choosing credit cards. I actually take the opposite opinion in the majority of cases. Read on to find out why. What About Interest Rates? Why They Shouldn’t Matter You may have noticed that I didn’t spend much time talking about high and low interest rates in this guide. A lot of people tout interest rates as the first thing to look at when choosing a new credit card. I take the opposite stance, though, and suggest that interest rates should not matter. No credit card has a very appealing interest rate. All of them will add up to a great deal of money and make it very hard for you to get out of debt. In most cases, you should do everything you can to avoid carrying a balance on your card from month to month. If low interest rates feel like a strong priority to you, then you might consider reassessing your approach to personal finances. You should sit down with a money-tracking app, like Mint, or simply an Excel spreadsheet, and list out your spending activity. By reflecting on your finances, outlining a budget, and setting specific goals, you can start to control your spending better. In the meantime, try to use a card that will work with you to control your expenses. Finding the Best Credit Card for You There’s no single best credit card for everyone. Instead, you have to look for the best credit card for you. To find your best match, you should think about your approach to personal finances, how you spend your money, and how you practice self-control. If you tend to spend spontaneously, then you might benefit from having a card that doesn’t test your willpower. If you’re more strategic about your spending and want to maximize rewards, then you should choose a card that will grant you the most perks in the category most valuable to you. As you saw above, there are several cards with advantages for every kind of spender. Your job, then, is to figure out what kind of spender you are! Once you do that, you can sort through all the promotions and sign up for the credit card with the best benefits for you as an individual.

Toyota Company Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Toyota Company Analysis - Research Paper Example Quite a global body, Toyota Motors has dealt with the automotive market not just within its ‘home base’ of Japan and US, but in several other nations. Additionally, Toyota Motors has taken the initiative to stay up to date with modern topics of concern, concentrating on the additional corporate tasks of world as well as ecological concerns (Edsall, p. 43, 2006). Toyota Motor Corporation exists in several geographical locations, working to not just support vehicle manufacturing, but to endorse progressing development in the experience of mobility, determined to develop a society where there is consensus among individuals, the world and the surroundings. This paper examines the strategic abilities of Toyota Motors in front of the ever-hardening competition within the vehicle manufacturing industry. Financial Analysis Profits from sales of vehicles are usually documented on delivery. Toyota’s sales inducement plans mainly involve cash payments to traders calculated based on vehicle size or a model sold by a trader in a specific time period (Edsall, p. 34, 2006). Marketable securities contain debt and equity securities, and are allocated as offered-for-sale is accepted on fair value with unrealized profits or losses included as a factor of accumulated other broad returns in shareholders’ equity, net of relevant excise. ... The stipulation for income taxes is calculated based on the ‘pretax income’. The asset and liability method is applied to identify deferred tax assets as well as liabilities for the projected tax effects of provisional variations among the carrying totals and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 5 Background and History 5 Industry Analysis 6 Macro Environment Analysis 7 Porter’s Five Forces Model 8 Threat of New Entrants 8 Bargaining Power of Buyers 9 Threat of Substitute Products 9 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 9 Industry Life-Cycle Model 10 Analysis of Competitive Advantage 13 SWOT Analysis 14 Strengths 14 Weaknesses 14 Opportunities 15 Threats 15 Corporate Strategy Alignment Analysis 15 Financials (All values are in USD million) 16 Credit Rating 20 Conclusion and Recommendations 21 References 22 Introduction In this intensely hostile business world, the objective of the majority of firms is to establish unique or exclusive potential to achieve a ‘competitive advantage’ within the market by using the majority of their core capabilities. Capabilities mean the basic understanding owned by the business, and to be unique they are not limited to functional fields but â€Å"cut across the firm and its organisational boundaries† (Iyer et al, p. 34, 2009). At the moment, business enterprises within developed nations work in an extra complex, and more synchronized setting. The strategic mission, in that case, is to generate a unique approach ahead, â€Å"by whatever core capabilities and capital at its disposal, against the background and influence of the environment† (Liker, p. 73, 2003). As a result of these

EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS FOR HISPANIC STUDENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS FOR HISPANIC STUDENTS - Essay Example Ð s bilinguÐ °l students first intense encounter with the English lÐ °nguÐ °ge Ð °nd with Ð mericÐ °n culture Ð °nd society, schools must overcome sociÐ °l Ð °ttitudes opposed to the sociÐ °l Ð °nd Ð °cÐ °demic development of bilinguÐ °l leÐ °rners. Successful schools creÐ °te Ð ° productive Ð °cÐ °demic environment Ð °nd Ð °n Ð °ccepting community. Ð lthough schools cÐ °nnot chÐ °nge the sociÐ °l reÐ °lity, they cÐ °n creÐ °te Ð ° different society within their wÐ °lls. Getting to know the students Ð °nd their fÐ °milies Ð °s well Ð °s welcoming their lÐ °nguÐ °ges Ð °nd cultures cÐ °n build Ð ° coherent community where the bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °m becomes Ð °n integrÐ °l pÐ °rt of the school. Improvement of bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °ms necessitÐ °tes fundÐ °mentÐ °l chÐ °nges within the whole school becÐ °use the overÐ °ll quÐ °lity of the school will Ð °ffect the bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °m. For the most pÐ °rt, good bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °ms exist within good schools. To creÐ °te Ð ° sound context for bilinguÐ °l leÐ °rners schools should set cleÐ °r goÐ °ls, creÐ °te Ð ° bilinguÐ °l biculturÐ °l society, integrÐ °te the bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °m into the school community, know the bilinguÐ °l students, provide leÐ °dership Ð °nd support for the bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °m, set high expectÐ °tions for bilinguÐ °l students, hire quÐ °lity personnel willing Ð °nd prepÐ °red to work with bilinguÐ °l students, estÐ °blish productive pÐ °rtnerships with pÐ °rents Ð °nd communities of the bilinguÐ °l students. Commitment of principÐ °ls Ð °nd mÐ °instreÐ °m stÐ °ff to the progrÐ °m Ð °nd the students mÐ °kes it possible for bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °ms to be integrÐ °ted into the whole school. Ð ll stÐ °ff Ð °nd not only the bilinguÐ °l stÐ °ff should be responsible for the bilinguÐ °l students educÐ °tion. In turn, the bilinguÐ °l stÐ °ff should pÐ °rticipÐ °te in generÐ °l school Ð °ctivities Ð °nd decision mÐ °king. When curriculum improvement or speciÐ °l progrÐ °ms Ð °re introduced, the bilinguÐ °l progrÐ °m should Ð °lso be included. RegÐ °rdless of

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 10

Project Management - Essay Example oppages in delivery of passable resources to set up project requirements; budgetary and workers transforms; and, imperfect research or knowledge of the project manager. These risks guide quickly to holdup in release dates and financial plan overages that be able to harshly weaken assurance in the development and in the project manager (Martin et al, 2004). There are lots of risk those are attached to the project development and cause a serious problem for the better management and administration of the project. These risks are also the main cause for the breakdown of the most of the projects. From project management viewpoints, project managers have to find out the most recent insights, methods, and developments in project management field. This will provide him a better understanding regarding the efficient project management and solutions for emerging risks (Johnson et al, 2005). Good qualities of project risk judgment. If a project manager is able to distinguish the key stakeholders and make sure that they evidently recognize the project scope and main objects of the project (Anderson). Project management basically comprises the phases that independently add to the achievement of a task. These stages are independent but mutually related. Here in the first stage we conduct a detailed analysis the problem situation and device an appropriate solution for that stage. Then we plan for the achievement of our goals. This plan includes the cost and human resource allocation for the project management. Here we also carry out a risk measurement study to find out the potential risks in the project. The quality assurance stage is aimed to assure the quality of the project and determine if the expected results have been achieved. The final stage of the project management involves the analysis of the results accessed for the project implementation to declare the project success or failure (Monk and Wagner). This project is about the implementation of the wireless sensor

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations Essay

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations - Essay Example The State and Extent of Using Modern Management Accounting Techniques In Particular in Making the Right Decisions Decision making is considered to be an all inclusive and widespread process that consists of various activities such as identification of the problem or the concerns, allocation of certain weights or ranks to the identified problem, evaluation and implementation of the alternative plans. Management accounting on the other hand is related to the appropriate use of relevant information in order to facilitate and direct managers to undertake informed business decisions effectively and efficiently. The most advantageous fact of management accounting practices is that is does not require conforming or following the national accounting standards which further gives a liberty or room for the business people to adopt customized management accounting techniques that are most effective in terms of their business operations. For realizing the affectivity in the decision making proce ss, organizations combine or merge the advanced quantitative and qualitative techniques. According to Johnson, The use of modern management practices has helped in focusing on the problem which inclines more towards how accounting information can be made more useful for decision making rather than how we could improve things we do . The recent developments in the modern management accounting techniques have enabled the managers to make sound decisions so that excessive costs incurred by firms could be pruned down and at the same time, the value of the products and services rendered could be enhanced. The extent to which the management accounting practices have been put into action is tremendous and quite rigorous, especially in the past two decades. Lot many research work and in-depth study in various countries across the world have undertaken to find out the relevance and significance of the modern practices to various sectors in the economy. For instance, in a research conducted b y Philip and Kerckhoffs Christian (2005), the significance of Activity Based Costing (ABC) and throughput accounting (TA) was brought forward and was revealed that MAP’s are more used as accounting tools to â€Å"make-up† the technical insights from an accounting viewpoint. The research indicated the use of working-floor insights and production process data in the formulation of a company’s income statements that are utmost essential for managerial decision making. When most of the countries have already adopted the MAPs, there are countries like Bangladesh which still need to incorporate the changes in the accounting practices. Bidhan has conducted one such study whereby it was found t modern techniques like Activity-Based Costing, Cost-Volume-Profit, Target Costing, and Just-in-Time (JIT) etc were not applied in the public and private sector manufacturing enterprises but used by just a few Multinational Corporations (MNC). (8) Most of the companies in Saudi we re still found to use the conventional and traditional accounting practices. Traditional management accounting techniques are generally perceived by the Saudi manufacturing and service sector firms to be highly important and frequently used by the responding firms. As per Ei-Ebaishi, the managers rely less in comparison to

How does the mainstream practice of journalism influence how conflict Essay

How does the mainstream practice of journalism influence how conflict is covered - Essay Example This was as a solution to previous excesses of the media that had either negative or no effects on conflict formation, escalation, solution and termination. However, like all new concepts, the newly born conflict sensitive media did not have a user manual and journalists and media houses had with them a new tool that they had no idea how to use. Government sponsored print and electronic media were the most common in those early days and, therefore, the public always heard what the governments wanted them to hear; mainly due to media control by their main sponsor, who was at the time the government. Governments used the media to downplay conflicts and conceal facts that they did not want their citizens to know, resulting in selective dissemination of crucial information. With the advent of strong civil society movements and the spread of capitalism, individuals and corporation got the rights to own and run media houses that were free from control by governments. However, this did not solve the problem with conflict sensitive journalism, as journalists in these media houses did not know how to implement the strategy (Lynch and McGoldrick 2005, p. 197). According to Lynch (2008, p. 186), conflict sensitive journalism is truly much evolved, and many media houses are using the tool to prevent or stop conflicts. However, the major force in how conflicts are reported is mainstream media houses, which pick on an approach to the reportage of a crime and other media houses follow suit. Approaches by mainstream media to reporting conflict falls into four principal categories; conflict-oriented coverage, truth-oriented coverage, people-oriented coverage, and solution-oriented coverage. If any the mainstream media decides to take any of these approaches, then other media houses have to follow suit for their coverage to have any relevance (Seow and Crispin 2005, p. 311). Conflict Oriented Coverage In this approach, media houses focus on the ignition of the conflict, factors that fuel it, factors that diminish it, and other factors that may sway the direction of the conflict without caring which direction the conflict takes. Media houses give the conflict airtime since they know that people are concerned about the happenings in the world, but instead of using this chance to alter the direction of the conflict in any way, the media prefer to watch in inaction. First, media focus on the conflict genesis, reporting about all the factors that resulted in the conflict. These factors include the parties on both ends of the conflict, and the disputed issue or issues, all in the name of keeping the public informed. This strategy exposes the commercial nature of mainstream media because despite which direction the conflict takes, media houses will reap the benefit from it since they do not take a stand against or for the conflict (Seow and Crispin 2005, p. 311). Another part of conflict oriented media coverage is that media houses offer real and imagined outcome s of conflicts, mostly with a bias to outcomes that are grim in nature. The media predicts and speculates about the conflicts, drawing parallels and creating links between these conflicts and historical events, and predicting the future based on the possible outcomes. This speculation and mixing of facts with opinions makes news material for both electronic broadcasting and printing, as reporters are

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations Essay

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations - Essay Example The State and Extent of Using Modern Management Accounting Techniques In Particular in Making the Right Decisions Decision making is considered to be an all inclusive and widespread process that consists of various activities such as identification of the problem or the concerns, allocation of certain weights or ranks to the identified problem, evaluation and implementation of the alternative plans. Management accounting on the other hand is related to the appropriate use of relevant information in order to facilitate and direct managers to undertake informed business decisions effectively and efficiently. The most advantageous fact of management accounting practices is that is does not require conforming or following the national accounting standards which further gives a liberty or room for the business people to adopt customized management accounting techniques that are most effective in terms of their business operations. For realizing the affectivity in the decision making proce ss, organizations combine or merge the advanced quantitative and qualitative techniques. According to Johnson, The use of modern management practices has helped in focusing on the problem which inclines more towards how accounting information can be made more useful for decision making rather than how we could improve things we do . The recent developments in the modern management accounting techniques have enabled the managers to make sound decisions so that excessive costs incurred by firms could be pruned down and at the same time, the value of the products and services rendered could be enhanced. The extent to which the management accounting practices have been put into action is tremendous and quite rigorous, especially in the past two decades. Lot many research work and in-depth study in various countries across the world have undertaken to find out the relevance and significance of the modern practices to various sectors in the economy. For instance, in a research conducted b y Philip and Kerckhoffs Christian (2005), the significance of Activity Based Costing (ABC) and throughput accounting (TA) was brought forward and was revealed that MAP’s are more used as accounting tools to â€Å"make-up† the technical insights from an accounting viewpoint. The research indicated the use of working-floor insights and production process data in the formulation of a company’s income statements that are utmost essential for managerial decision making. When most of the countries have already adopted the MAPs, there are countries like Bangladesh which still need to incorporate the changes in the accounting practices. Bidhan has conducted one such study whereby it was found t modern techniques like Activity-Based Costing, Cost-Volume-Profit, Target Costing, and Just-in-Time (JIT) etc were not applied in the public and private sector manufacturing enterprises but used by just a few Multinational Corporations (MNC). (8) Most of the companies in Saudi we re still found to use the conventional and traditional accounting practices. Traditional management accounting techniques are generally perceived by the Saudi manufacturing and service sector firms to be highly important and frequently used by the responding firms. As per Ei-Ebaishi, the managers rely less in comparison to

Germany and the German Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany and the German - Assignment Example Honestly, the film was a sorry reminder of a heinous event that all Germans and the rest of world wanted to forget. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe could not have been magnified through Eisenman’s architectural work as it seemed to emphasize the magnitude of death that defies rational and logical reasoning. People have already felt pain and anguish just to be reminded of the genocide that occurred during those times, especially the relatives of the victims. To be reminded time and again is creating a numbing experience which could have created callousness and indifference to the present generation. It is not to say that everyone has forgotten the incident. It is just to express that at times, those who were directly hurt and affected by the crimes would like to move on with the lives, remembering the happy times instead of the gruesome, painful events that cannot be retracted or changed by any form of monumental

How People with Disabilities Are Viewed and Treated Essay Example for Free

How People with Disabilities Are Viewed and Treated Essay We live in a society where people are judged for who they are and if they seem to have any type of flaws those flaws tend to make up who the person is. People with disabilities shouldn’t be judged by their disabilities. Our society has come a long way in accepting people with disabilities but we still have more to accomplish seeing as the harsh judgment still exists. We need to be able to live in a society where people do not judge, can accept others for who they are and help others who may need some assistance or guidance do to a disability, especially children. They are our society’s future. Just because they are disabled doesn’t mean they are not a part of the whole or that they cannot possibly make a positive difference in the world. As the author of the article, â€Å"A Child with Down Syndrome Keeps His Place at the Table† points out that we have made a lot of progress for children with Down syndrome in the United States. Most of that progress he points out is their rights to go to school. They have progressed from just being recognized as needing to be â€Å"somewhere special†, a place of horrific mistreatment. Such a place was exposed in a hidden camera documentary filmed by Geraldo Rivera in 1972 for severe neglect and mistreatment of the residence that all had some sort of disability. This place was Willow Brook State School and was located on Staten Island. His exposer of this school was a small part in a large change where advocates for the disabled, committed parents, as well as others fought for the rights that are presently in place today. Even with the many advances in society there still remains open bigotry though not as much. Though most are discrete and not as straight forward the hostile judgment is still there. The word â€Å"retard† is used in school yards between students and in movies but is not seen so much today as bigotry but as just being a bit â€Å"edgy†. Why as a society do we feel the need to dehumanize one another? Our society makes it very difficult for anyone with a disability to function freely in their own lives and to live without criticism. The author asks the question, â€Å"What is it about intellectual disabilities we find so difficult? † The focus of these disabilities tends to be on the positive qualities such as being â€Å"cute† or â€Å"happy† or â€Å"sweet†. This is meant to compensate for the disability. I see it as singling out a person because of their disability and using it as a way to make the disability easier to deal with and as a way to handle being around the person. I see this as being a bit degrading and selfish even. I believe that our society has come a long way in being able to accept people with disabilities. I also believe that we still have a ways to go. I have seen the good and the not so good in the way children with Down syndrome are accepted and/or treated because my niece Barbara has Down syndrome. Barbara does not speak but her school has been wonderful in teaching her to communicate using sign language over the years and recently started using a speech generating device. The device is to recognize the words she is saying and the words she is trying to say. The medical and educational treatment for children with Down syndrome has really improved over the years even just since the case at Willow Brook State School. Sadly, there are still reports of abuse in state owned homes and hospitals for disabled individuals. I am sure that there are places that have cases of abuse that have not been reported. Sometimes people just ignore what is going on because they fear they may lose their job. With the advances in mental health care less people have to send their children in to homes or hospitals. They are able to keep their children at home and receive in home care and mobile therapy. The schools offer extra help for these children so that they are able to be more focused on to get all the help that they need. The schools also offer special outings and activities that are helpful in their education and to give them more of an opportunity to interact with their classmates. The author of the article points out that he is a parent of a child with Down syndrome. With the subject being very personal to him he does not sound angry with the way the people in the restaurant were treated. He doesn’t seem to be judgmental in anyway. He simply points out what happened and mentions facts relating to the situation. He does offer his opinion that the waiter in the story did the right thing in speaking out and standing up for the boy. Even though the waiter could have lost his job for speaking out, he still did. I believe that the waiter did do the right thing and as the author pointed out, by speaking out for the child it shows that society has grown to accepting people disabilities and that they even have compassion for them. Should the waiter be considered a hero for standing up for someone who is being pointed out publicly for their disability? The author asks the same question. Personally, I don’t know if I can think of the act as heroic. I do believe as well that it was most definitely the right thing to do and it did take courage to say something knowing there was a risk of being fired. I am very curious to know if the waiter’s boss was aware of the situation and if so what was their opinion on what happened? The author did not mention that in the story. I think it would have been important to point out if the boss was sympathetic toward the child and his family or if they agreed with the customer who made the remark. I find it very inspiring that despite the harsh words and uneducated thoughts people express toward people with disabilities, the people with the disability usually do not judge in return. They clearly see the meanness coming from another person and they don’t have it in them to hold hard feelings. I wish we were all able to have such open and caring hearts. Why do we have such a selective view of things? Why do we have to be afraid of the things that are not â€Å"normal† to us? Having a disability does not make you less of a person. Having a disability means that you may have to work harder to do something’s that seems to come easily to anyone else. No person will ever be â€Å"perfect† so there is no reason for society to push the idea that anyone can be. We are all flawed in one way or another. Our flaws are what make us unique and make up who we are. The author pointed out that the child being in the restaurant made a statement that he was someone’s child. I don’t think we should have to explain or point out anything. The boy and his family should have been able to walk in to the restaurant and sit down and enjoy their meal peacefully, as the man who made the remark would expect to happen for his self or anyone he may have been seated with. If the boy became loud and disruptive then that should have been the issue not the simple fact that he was there and looked â€Å"different†. We live in a very intelligent world filled with many advances in technology yet we are not educated enough nor advanced enough to get along with one another. I think there should be more programs in schools to teach children more about life and basic lessons on being humane. The schools should have classes with specific lessons on mental health and disabilities. If children are more familiar with these types of things they may be more accepting and less judgmental. For some reason we tend to fear the unknown and are not always equipped with how to deal with our fears. With having so many issues today with bullying in schools it should be mandatory to have classes educating children on how to treat people, especially people with disabilities and teach them it is not acceptable. I think being aware bigotry still exists and educating on the issue would make a big difference in getting us closer to a more accepting society.

Employee Performance Analysis

Employee Performance Analysis Project Outline: This research is about the Employee performance in an organization. Data related to several factors such as Employee Productivity, Customer Satisfactions Scores, Accuracy Scores, Experience and Age of Employees is taken into consideration. Statistical methods are used to identify if there is any impact of Age and Experience of Employees on factors such as Productivity, Customer Satisfaction and Accuracy. Theoretical Framework: XYZ Corporation operating out of Illinois, US want to find out if the age and experience of employees have an impact on his/her performance. They have hired an external consultant to study the impact of these two factors (age and experience) on the performance metrics of the employees. According to the results of the research conducted by this external consultant, XYZ Corporate will design a strategy of recruiting the right talent which will have maximum performance. Design and Methodology: Design and Methodology used by the external consultant include identifying the various performance factors common across different businesses within XYZ Corporation. The performance measures common for all businesses included: Customer Satisfaction Scores Accuracy Scores Productivity The consultants decided to study the impact of age of employees and their experience on the above factors by using statistical methods. Details on participants and sampling methods: Sampling Methods: Sampling is the process of selecting a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements. Population is the total group of elements we want to study. Sample is the subgroup of the population we actually study. Sample would mean a group of ‘n’ employees chosen randomly from organization of population ‘N’. Sampling is done in situations like: We sample when the process involves destructive testing, e.g. taste tests, car crash tests, etc. We sample when there are constraints of time and costs We sample when the populations cannot be easily captured Sampling is NOT done in situations like: We cannot sample when the events and products are unique and cannot be replicable Sampling can be done by using several methods including: Simple random sampling, Stratified random sampling, Systematic sampling and Cluster sampling. These are Probability Sampling Methods. Sampling can also be done using methods such as Convenience sampling, Judgment sampling, Quota sampling and Snowball sampling. These are non-probability methods of sampling. Simple random sampling is a method of sampling in which every unit has equal chance of being selected. Stratified random sampling is a method of sampling in which stratum/groups are created and then units are picked randomly. Systematic sampling is a method of sampling in which every nth unit is selected from the population. Cluster sampling is a method of sampling in which clusters are sampled every tth time. For the non-probability methods, Convenience sampling relies upon convenience and access. Judgment sampling relies upon belief that participants fit characteristics. Quota sampling emphasizes representation of specific characteristics. Snowball sampling relies upon respondent referrals of others with like characteristics. In our research, the consultant organization used a Simple Random Sampling method to conduct the study where they chose about 75 random employees and gathered data of age, experience, their Customer Satisfaction scores, their Accuracy Scores and their Productivity scores. The employees were bifurcated into 3 age groups, namely, 20 – 30 years, 30 – 40 years and 40 – 50 years. Similarly, they were also bifurcated into 3 experience groups, namely, 0 – 10 years, 10 – 20 years and 20 – 30 years. Data Analysis: Below are the different data analysis options used by the consultant: Impact of Age on Accuracy Impact of Experience on Accuracy Impact of Age on Customer Satisfaction Impact of Experience on Customer Satisfaction Impact of Age on Productivity Impact of Experience on Productivity For each of the above statistical analysis, we will need to use Hypothesis testing methods. Hypothesis testing tells us whether there exists statistically significant difference between the data sets for us to consider to represent different distribution. The difference that can be detected using hypothesis testing is: Continuous Data Difference in Average Difference in Variation Discrete Data Difference in Proportion Defective We follow the below steps for Hypothesis testing: Step 1 : Determine appropriate Hypothesis test Step 2 : State the Null Hypothesis Ho and Alternate Hypothesis Ha Step 3 : Calculate Test Statistics / P-value against table value of test statistic Step 4 : Interpret results – Accept or reject Ho The mechanism of Hypothesis testing involves the following: Ho = Null Hypothesis – There is No statistically significant difference between the two groups Ha = Alternate Hypothesis – There is statistically significant difference between the two groups We also have different types of errors that can be caused if we are using hypothesis testing. The errors are as noted below: Type I Error – P (Reject Ho when Ho is true) = ÃŽ ± Type II Error P (Accept Ho when Ho is false) = ÃŽ ² P Value – Statistical Measure which indicates the probability of making an ÃŽ ± error. The value ranges between 0 and 1. We normally work with 5% alpha risk, a p value lower than 0.05 means that we reject the Null hypothesis and accept alternate hypothesis. Let’s talk a little about p-value. It is a Statistical Measure which indicates the probability of making an ÃŽ ± error. The value ranges between 0 and 1. We normally work with 5% alpha risk. ÃŽ ± should be specified before the hypothesis test is conducted. If the p-value is > 0.05, then Ho is true and there is no difference in the groups (Accept Ho). If the p-value is < 0.05, then Ho is false and there is a statistically significant difference in the groups (Reject Ho). We will also discuss about the types of hypothesis testing: 1-Sample t-test: It’s used when we have Normal Continuous Y and Discrete X. It is used for comparing a population mean against a given standard. For example: Is the mean Turn Around Time of thread à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £15 minutes. 2-Sample t-test: It’s used when we have Normal Continuous Y and Discrete X. It is used for comparing means of two different populations. For example: Is the mean performance of morning shift = mean performance of night shift. ANOVA: It’s used when we have Normal Continuous Y and Discrete X. It is used for comparing the means of more than two populations. For example: Is the mean performance of staff A = mean performance of staff B = mean performance of staff C. Homogeneity Of Variance: It’s used when we have Normal Continuous Y and Discrete X. It is used for comparing the variance of two or more than two populations. For example: Is the variation of staff A = variation of staff B = variation of staff C. Mood’s Median Test: It’s used when we have Non-normal Continuous Y and Discrete X. It is used for Comparing the medians of two or more than two populations. For example: Is the median of staff A = median of staff B = median of staff C. Simple Linear Regression: It’s used when we have Continuous Y and Continuous X. It is used to see how output (Y) changes as the input (X) changes. For example: If we need to find out how staff A’s accuracy is related to his number of years spent in the process. Chi-square Test of Independence: It’s used when we have Discrete Y and Discrete X. It is used to see how output counts (Y) from two or more sub-groups (X) differ. For example: If we want to find out whether defects from morning shift are significantly different from defects in the evening shift. Let’s look at each of the analysis for our research: Impact of Age on Accuracy Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Accuracy impacted by Age of Employees H0: Accuracy is independent of the Age of Employees H1: Accuracy is impacted by Age of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of accuracy is impacted by age factor One-way ANOVA: Accuracy versus Age Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Age Bucket 2 0.50616 0.25308 67.62 0.000 Error 72 0.26946 0.00374 Total 74 0.77562 S = 0.06118 R-Sq = 65.26% R-Sq(adj) = 64.29% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++ 20 30 years 26 0.75448 0.06376 (*) 30 40 years 26 0.85078 0.07069 (*) 40 50 years 23 0.95813 0.04416 (*) ++++ 0.770 0.840 0.910 0.980 Pooled StDev = 0.06118 Boxplot of Accuracy by Age Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of accuracy is impacted by age of employees. As the age increases, we observe that the accuracy of the employees also increases. Impact of Experience on Accuracy Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Accuracy impacted by Experience of Employees H0: Accuracy is independent of the Experience of Employees H1: Accuracy is impacted by Experience of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of accuracy is impacted by experience factor One-way ANOVA: Accuracy versus Experience Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Experience Bucke 2 0.53371 0.26685 79.42 0.000 Error 72 0.24191 0.00336 Total 74 0.77562 S = 0.05796 R-Sq = 68.81% R-Sq(adj) = 67.94% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev -++++ 0 10 years 24 0.74403 0.05069 (*) 10 20 years 23 0.84357 0.05354 (*) 20 30 years 28 0.94696 0.06660 (*) -++++ 0.770 0.840 0.910 0.980 Pooled StDev = 0.05796 Boxplot of Accuracy by Experience Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of accuracy is impacted by experience of employees. As the experience increases, we observe that the accuracy of the employees also increases. Impact of Age on Customer Satisfaction Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Customer Satisfaction Score impacted by Age of Employees H0: Customer Satisfaction Score is independent of the Age of Employees H1: Customer Satisfaction Score is impacted by Age of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of Customer Satisfaction score is impacted by age factor One-way ANOVA: Customer Satisfaction versus Age Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Age Bucket 2 49.51 24.75 18.92 0.000 Error 72 94.23 1.31 Total 74 143.74 S = 1.144 R-Sq = 34.44% R-Sq(adj) = 32.62% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++ 20 30 years 26 6.906 1.164 (-*) 30 40 years 26 8.041 1.156 (*-) 40 50 years 23 8.907 1.107 (*) ++++ 7.20 8.00 8.80 9.60 Pooled StDev = 1.144 Boxplot of Customer Satisfaction by Age Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of Customer Satisfaction Score is impacted by age of employees. As the age increases, we observe that the Customer Satisfaction Score of the employees also increases. Impact of Experience on Customer Satisfaction Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Customer Satisfaction Score impacted by Experience of Employees H0: Customer Satisfaction Score is independent of the Experience of Employees H1: Customer Satisfaction Score is impacted by Experience of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of Customer Satisfaction score is impacted by experience factor One-way ANOVA: Customer Satisfaction versus Experience Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Experience Bucke 2 51.20 25.60 19.92 0.000 Error 72 92.54 1.29 Total 74 143.74 S = 1.134 R-Sq = 35.62% R-Sq(adj) = 33.83% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++- 0 10 years 24 7.035 1.277 (*) 10 20 years 23 7.570 0.922 (*) 20 30 years 28 8.948 1.160 (-*-) ++++- 7.20 8.00 8.80 9.60 Pooled StDev = 1.134 Boxplot of Customer Satisfaction by Experience Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of Customer Satisfaction Score is impacted by experience of employees. As the experience increases, we observe that the Customer Satisfaction Score of the employees also increases. Impact of Age on Productivity Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Productivity impacted by Age of Employees H0: Productivity is independent of the Age of Employees H1: Productivity is impacted by Age of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of Productivity is impacted by experience factor One-way ANOVA: Productivity versus Age Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Age Bucket 2 0.74389 0.37194 194.56 0.000 Error 72 0.13765 0.00191 Total 74 0.88153 S = 0.04372 R-Sq = 84.39% R-Sq(adj) = 83.95% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++ 20 30 years 26 0.93959 0.04287 (-*) 30 40 years 26 0.81511 0.05831 (-*-) 40 50 years 23 0.69291 0.01747 (*-) ++++ 0.720 0.800 0.880 0.960 Pooled StDev = 0.04372 Boxplot of Productivity by Age Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of Productivity is impacted by age of employees. As the age increases, we observe that the Productivity of the employees decreases. Impact of Experience on Productivity Practical Problem Hypothesis Statistical Tool Used Conclusion Is Productivity impacted by Experience of Employees H0: Productivity is independent of the Experience of Employees H1: Productivity is impacted by Experience of Employees One-Way ANOVA p-value < 0.05 indicates that performance measure of Productivity is impacted by experience factor One-way ANOVA: Productivity versus Experience Bucket Source DF SS MS F P Experience Bucke 2 0.74024 0.37012 188.61 0.000 Error 72 0.14129 0.00196 Total 74 0.88153 S = 0.04430 R-Sq = 83.97% R-Sq(adj) = 83.53% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++- 0 10 years 24 0.94474 0.03139 (*) 10 20 years 23 0.83120 0.05754 (*-) 20 30 years 28 0.70599 0.04118 (*-) ++++- 0.700 0.770 0.840 0.910 Pooled StDev = 0.04430 Boxplot of Productivity by Experience Bucket Conclusion: P-value of the above analysis < 0.05 which indicates that we reject the null hypothesis and thus, the performance measure of Productivity is impacted by experience of employees. As the experience increases, we observe that the Productivity of the employees decreases. Conclusion of the Analysis: As Age and Experience increases, the Accuracy and Customer Satisfaction Scores of Employees increases As Age and Experience increases, the Productivity of Employees decreases Bibliography: The data used in this analysis is self-created data using statistical software.      Research Schedule (Gantt Chart) of the Project:

Racism Essay -- Racial Relations, White

"The first, and perhaps most crucial, fear is that of facing the fact that some of what we white people have is unearned. It's a truism that we don't really make it on our own; we all have plenty of help to achieve whatever we achieve." (Jensen, 1) When reflecting on this statement you start to see that what Jensen is telling us is very true. Since born, and while growing up, many white people have been "handed" everything needed to succeed and receive the necessary tools and help to achieve anything. We don't realize this because many of us are continually congratulated on the success actually fostered through the people who love and care for us. What people need to realize is that there are people who are not born into these situations, and are continually fighting to get away from their abusive families that do not support them. "A second fear is crasser: White people's fear of losing what we have -- literally the fear of losing things we own if at some point the economic. political, and social systems in which we live become more just and equitable." (Jensen, 1) Everyone fears losing something that they are accustomed to, whether it be material goods, social status, or power. People are often affected psychologically when they lose something, and for whites, it would make them feel less superior than other races if they did lose something. Some whites feel that they lose power when other races break through barriers and become more powerful than they are. Jensen reaffirms the idea that people are born into a society where "affluence" and "material comfort" will obviously affect how someone feels and reacts to losing whatever they have lost. "A third fear involves a slightly different scenario -- a world in which ... ...enating to people of color: people of color's identities, experiences, and ways of communicating are often outside the very restricted language and the very limited representations of people like them in the stories they read." (Marrero, 10) Marrero brings up a very interesting point when showing the reader that people are sometimes limited in ways of communicating because of the classroom setting they are surrounded with. When you reflect on how many teachers use "dominant paradigms" in their teachings, you begin to realize that students voices are inherently constrained. You then begin to ask yourself the scary questions of "how many people have already been restricted from using their own voice and how many continue to be in this situation today?" People are unable to develop a broader world view unless we are able to listen to how other people communicate.