`` Girl `` By Kincaid And Hills Like White Elephants

All throughout history, it is almost always noted that men are more superior in comparison to women. This is evident in that men were first to vote, first to drive, and the United States has only ever had male presidents. In stating this, it seems that women need to prove their worth and take a stand. The short stories, â€Å"Girl†, written by Kincaid and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, written by Hemingway, prove that women should be able to make decisions for themselves and not have to abide by society’s expectations. Of these expectations, one that is consistently brought about is a woman’s sexual rights. In Kincaid’s, â€Å"Girl†, the protagonist is the young daughter of a single mother. This â€Å"girl† is constantly being badgered by the mother to act like a proper young lady. It is quoted, â€Å"on Sundays try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming† (Kincaid, 10). In saying this, t he mother is automatically assuming that her daughter is going down a promiscuous route and has little hope of becoming a respectable woman. Being that the daughter is still young, what the mother said seems to be a bit harsh. By calling the daughter a â€Å"slut†, she might be making her daughter feel worthless and not feel as though she is able to change into a suitable young lady. Not only does the mother accuse Girl of being a slut, but also acting like a slut. The mother is right for telling her daughter how she should present herself in front of others,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Story Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1608 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails—then,note how this open- endedness affects what readers may take from the texts The stories I examined that do not correlate with the traditional narrative structure are â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"Happy Endings.† Each story is written in a different narrative structure when compared with the traditional structure. For example, â€Å"Girl† is an ongoing list of commands, where â€Å"Happy Endings† is the letter grouping A-F. These short stories require the audience to create meaning and use details to understand and

Essay on Evolution VS. Creationism - 1412 Words

Since the beginning of the human race there has been a lingering question as to the origins of man and how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its answer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire universe, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all living things have the potential to change and grow over time into something new and different. So in other words, one theory suggests that humans and all the organisms on Earth are the result of divine design, while the other indicates that they†¦show more content†¦Every one of these flaws points out that the Creationists theory that the Earth, all of the organisms on it, and everything that surrounds it has not changed or been altered since the flood is inaccurate. Biogeography f or example shows that â€Å"closely allied† species have a tendency to live on the â€Å"same continent†¦ or within the same group of oceanic islands†¦ despite their species-by-species preferences for different habitats, food source, [and] of conditions of climate† (Quammen 4). The explanation for this is that â€Å"they descended from common ancestors† and this can be verified with the paleontology flaw because that flaw deals with the fossils of plants and animals â€Å"that had [either] become extinct or that still existed but in different forms† which indicates not only that organisms have changed over time, but also provides evidence that â€Å"closely allied† organism have lived in the same areas of centuries (Quammen 4; Parks 24). Then in the taxonomic classification flaw these â€Å"closely allied† spices can be â€Å"systematically classified, according to their shared similarities† which, suggests that â€Å"c losely allied† organisms descended from common ancestor because of the traits and similar organs that allows this type of classification (Quammen 5). The presence of these similar traits and organs introduces the flaw of vestigial characteristics because although some of these do not have any currentShow MoreRelatedEvolution Creationism Vs. Creationism924 Words   |  4 PagesAny point of contact with the scientific world in the 21st century will eventually lead one to the one of the most hotly contested topic in American education, that of evolution versus creationism. While the creationist point of view, as well as the evolutionary perspective, hosts a great variation of opinion amongst its supporters, Christianity is brought to the center stage time after time (Vuletic, 1994). Literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis’ account of creation falls contrary to theRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead More Evolution vs. Creationism Essay917 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topicsRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Where we come from is a question as old as mankind itself. There are countless numbers of religions, each with their own twist on the origins of earth and mankind, but one of the most highly visible debates would be creationism vs. evolution. Depending on where your beliefs lie, the Earth has been around somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000 years to 4.5 billion years. One would tend to believe that this vast differe nce in time would make it impossible to have 2 â€Å"theories† thatRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pages Where do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreEvolution Vs. Creationism Debate1265 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be explaining two sides of the evolution vs. creationism debate. The topics I am going to write about are fossil evidence, the origin of life, and Darwin’s â€Å"theory† of natural selection. I will be presenting a view of both sides of the argument they will be on the creation side and evolution standpoint. I would suggest that you, the reader, would have a previous knowledge of all the topics so that you may get a full understanding of both sides. If there is no prior knowledgeRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesassumptions with empirically deduced scientific theories. The Catholic Church had a nasty habit of persecuting such ideological dissent toward creationism, calling it heresy and thereby somewhat suppressing a complete upheaval of the Scriptures. For many centuries to come, the scientific research grew and developed into theories like the Big Bang and evolution, though primarily in places where such progress was tolerated. The state of Tennessee in 1925 was not such a place. In the town of DaytonRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages Creationism is the theory that man, the earth, and the rest of the universe was originally created rather than randomly exploding from nothingness into chance existence. We reside on the surface of a small superbly crafted, autonomous self regulating space vehicle. Together with survival, conquest and death w e bear witness to beauty, fragrances, love and music. Think about this. Mathematics, philosophy, springtime, depravity, farming, courtship, quasars, and iphones; all came from nothingness?,

Gift of Life Rotary Foundation

Question: Discuss about the Article for Gift of Life for Rotary Foundation. Answer: Introduction Gift of life international is a rotary based organization, that is operating in 71 countries since four decades. It has helped around 18,000 children among the countries with their treatment of heart diseases. Throughout the world, this association has generated 70 such programs which aims at providing the medical aid and treatment to the under privileged children of the countries. Gift of life develops sustainable pediatric cardiac surgery and aftercare programs for the children (Giftoflifeinternational.org) Gift of life has divided its mission into three segments, as diagnostic screening mission, medical mission and training visits. Diagnostic screening missions aims at providing the need for treatment and diagnose in some specific country, where the treatment for heart diseases is not feasible to be conducted due to inadequate facilities and income. gift of life provides team of professionals to take care of children who do not have a possible chance of having a healthy life. gift of life has initiated a program called our hearts are in... that promotes training the professionals and sending the team to underdeveloped places of the world, thereby, helping the people. As stated by Cameron, the rotary clubs support of the gift of life international partnership has been one of the successful collaboration that is helped gift of life with the support on various mission trips. Rotary districts aims at providing various financial help on the medical trips, training programs and education for the students and medical professionals along with the in country support (Rotary.org).Their partnerships aims at helping children and families with congenital heart diseases across the globe. Being an efficient leader of the gift of life international foundation, it would be my responsibility to maintain and accomplish the mission of the association. The organization must be approved and complied by all the legal and administrative circumstances. In order to have a smooth functioning of the association, it is quite necessary for an organization like gift of life to gain various investments. It should be my duty to approach various new strategies and policies that enhances the approach of raising investments. The mission of the program should be well carried out by having an efficient management system that deals in accessing the countries, collecting data regarding the standard of living, making various implementations and advancements in the field of technology associated with the organization. Being a leader, it must be an initiation from my side, to include various operational strategies that helps in carrying the above mentioned facilities (Kodatt ). Conclusion Gift of life international , being an rotary based organization, is one of the most well known organizations. It helps the children and families around the world with a moral cause. Helping the under developed parts of various countries in dealing with heart diseases. This essay has been focussed in order to analyse the ways in which rotary club supports the organization and how, I should frame an efficient framework being a leader of this association. Reference "Gift Of Life International. Saving Lives One Heart At A Time". Giftoflifeinternational.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Sept. 2016. "The Rotary Foundation | My Rotary". Rotary.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 27 Sept. 2016. Cameron, Chantal. "Rotary Club of Lincoln (Ontario) fonds, 1995-2014." (2016). Kodatt, Stephanie A., et al. "Leadership qualities emerging in an online social support group intervention."Sexual and Relationship Therapy29.4 (2014): 467-475.

The Sunne Rising Essays - Congo Free State, Charles Marlow

The Sunne Rising Heart of Darkness-?Conrad in the Congo-Background and Sources? The walls between insanity and sanity are often paper thin in ones own mind. Joseph Conrad's novel, ?Heart of Darkness,? exemplifies this wall, or realm, through the manipulation of his character's narration. Initially, the narrative simply appears to be a reflection of Conrad's style. However, as the story unfolds one may notice that the language and style can be interpreted as a literary tool. A tool that effectively illustrates the gradual deterioration, paranoia, and unresolvable confusion that man can experience when entering mysterious modes of consciousness; as Marlowe does in the African Congo. Conrad himself was subjected to the isolation and darkness of the Congo when he made his own journey through Africa. The complicated rhythm of the narrative with its quotations within quotations allows us, the reader, to partly understand, if not experience, the desolate feeling of loss and isolation that Marlowe is feeling as he is travelling through the Congo. Although Marlowe claims to be sane; the way in which he speaks is often contradictory, and his thoughts seem to suggest that he suffers from perpetual paranoia. Overall, Conrad brings into being a character in Marlowe who is suffering from an, ?attitude that recognizes the unresolvable confusion of the human world, and grasps outward at anything made to appear firm or familiar--reason, God, nation, authority(Solomon, 1) For Marlowe, the point of firmness is Kurts, who he looks to with absolute adoration and searches to be at the same level. The use of Conrad's narrative is an ingenious tool to demonstrate the mindset of the men that were hired to explore Africa.

Children and Technology Essay Example

Children and Technology Essay The power of todays technology can have control on childrens future. Parents should control their childrens access to technology because of the dangers it may have on their children. Therefore, children who have access to technology without the proper guidance can easily be addicted to video games, television and other electronic devices if allowed unsupervised. Without proper guidance, children can be dependent on technology, and have trouble with learning good morals, that may lead to disrespect towards their parents. Unsupervised children under the influence of technology may become detached and quickly drift away from their parents control. When parents do not properly supervise their children access to technology their children may become, addicted, and dependent, on technology that may result in becoming detached to their parents. Not all parents will agree that monitoring their childrens access to technology is a good idea. They do not believe children cannot become addicted because they think that all technology is educational. They believe that all technology is good and it keeps them occupied and can be used as a form of a baby sitter. In the story, The Veldt, George and Lydia Hadley have two children Peter and Wendy. The parents buy a fully automated home that does everything for them, cooking meals, and it caters to their children. The parents use this home to baby sit, and to raise their children. For children to be able to choose when and what technology they use it is even difficult for a physiologist to determine what is safe for children, nevertheless the parent and especially for a child. When a child is addicted to technology, they will do just about anything to get it. The home they purchased had a room called the nursery. The nursery is a virtual reality room that is able to connect with the ch ildren telepathically to reproduce any place they imagine. The Parents soon realize that there is something wrong We will write a custom essay sample on Children and Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Children and Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Children and Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Holden Caulfields Troubles with Others essays

Holden Caulfields Troubles with Others essays The irrational Holden Caulfield in the novel Catcher in the Rye, has many problems. A significant one he has is his difficulty in dealing with others. This is because Holden does not behave in socially appropriate ways. This is shown when Holden is on his date with Sally Hayes, when Holden fights with Ward Stradlater, and when he meets Carl Luce at the Wicker Bar. All these situations will be discussed in this essay. One of Holdens first difficulties is with the arrogant Ward Stradlater. Stradlater is Holdens older roommate and is dating Holdens friend Jane. Holden becomes upset with him after he goes out with Jane one night. He thinks that Stradlater gave her the time (Salinger 43). Stradlater refuses to tell Holden what he did with Jane. This action upsets Holden and he takes a punch at Stradlater and misses. Stradlater then knocks Holden down and sits on his chest with his knees. Holden starts crying and calls Stradlater a moron. Stradlater promises to let him up if he does not call Stradlater any more names. After Stradlater lets him up Holden calls Stradlater a dirty stupid sonuvabitch moron (Salinger 44). This time Stradlater knocks Holden out. Holden woke up soon after on the floor covered in blood. Holden did not behave in a socialy acceptable manner. Most people would have either told Stradlater how they felt or just let it go. Another example is that Holden is not thinking about what he is doing. This is shown when Holden says Im a pacifist, if you want to know the truth (Salinger 46) just after attacking Stradlater. For Holden to stop having troubles with others people he must learn to think about his actions before jumping to conclusions. Holden also does not know when he is beat. After being knocked down by Stradlater and getting punched out Holden still made fun of Stradlater. Holden must learn when to give up he could be badly hurt. ...

Celia, A Slave book Melton A. Mclaurin (Author) Essay

Celia, A Slave book Melton A. Mclaurin (Author) - Essay Example The purchase of Celia was less of a cook than it was a sexual object. However, was it right to convict Celia of murder while defending herself from her rapist master? In my opinion, it was unfair to put Celia to death while she was severing her relations with her master who had raped her for five years. The judicial process at the time shows that it was against the rights of slaves and did not care what they went through. Mr. Newsom characters also depict him as a pervert who had no respect for women. Newsom character seems to have changed for the worse when his wife died. He was lonely yes, like any other man but he could have maintained his family values and principles as he had his children around to console him. After purchasing Celia as black slave who was mandated to cook, Newsom started treating her like his wife. He forced Celia to have sex with him and eventually raped her (Mclaurin 15). Celia even though angered by the inhumane act perpetrated against her by her master could not find a place to air her grievances for the slaves had no legal redress to self defense in Missouri County. Newsom unacceptable behavior may have been persuaded by the fact that he knew that there were nowhere slaves would find justice. Furthermore, it is clear that he had no respect for women as he never cared about his two daughters who were in the same compound. Newsom prolonged his illicit behavior and bore two children with Celia while he knew very well that there existed no acquaintance bet ween him and Celia (Mclaurin 23). Another sign that portrays Newsom as a pervert is the unclear circumstances his older daughter Virginia got a son named Billy while still in his father’s compound. Even though Virginia was married to Waynescot, one year after her mother’s demise she returned to stay with her father (Mclaurin 9). Her husband might have died thus

Europe in the Early Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Europe in the Early Middle Ages - Essay Example It was very awful that during this period, a mysterious disease attacked many individuals killing around 20 million2. This disease spread very fast since it was transmittable from one individual to the other and hence was very difficult to prevent it from spreading. After the fall of the Roman empire, the Catholic Church united people and with time, Charlemagne’ empire became the Holy Romans’ Empire. Additionally, during this period, the Islamic religion became very great and powerful since the death of their prophet, Muhammad. There were also many books and articles written on Islamic Religion. Consequently, it became almost three times larger than before. Additionally, there were also mass crusades by the Christians, whose main intentions were to expel and fight the Muslims3. However, they did not succeed in the end. In the beginning of this period, Feudalism scholars governed Europe. The peasants performed most of the work and were promised protection by this system4. They also experienced a hard time since they could not leave without permission without approval by the

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operation management - Essay Example rations (chemical, mechanical, assembly, electrical, transportation, assembly, inspection, etc), number, and sequence are usually specified for each and every input. In this case, the output will be chemicals, complete parts/products etc. the production function illustrates the relationship between an organization’s inputs and outputs. The maximum output which can be realized with specific inputs or resources can be determined by studying the production function; this is dependent on factors like the available technology among others. Relationship between Production Function and Operations Management Both operations management and production are essential in achieving an organization’s desired goals and objectives (Heizer and Render 2001, pg. 26). The core essence of any organization/business is to satisfy the needs of its customers through the provision of goods and services, and consequently solve their problems and create value for them. Production function and opera tions management are about applying management and business organization concepts in the creation of goods and services. When applied together, the production function and operations are very essential and influential in realizing an organization’s goals and meeting objectives. In order to create and supply value for customers in services and products, it is imperative that a company identifies customers’ preferences and then convert them into specific products or services (quantity of products needed for a known period of time). An organization must also conduct backdating (backward working) so as to know the raw material needs; this is based on the requirements of a particular product. Finally, using operations management, it is necessary to involve internal and external retailers with the...The Nature of the Relationship between Operations Management and other. Operations management facilitates collaboration among operation management professionals and other executives and managers in order to establish how operational planning can improve and sustain an organization’s long-term marketing strategy. This planning may include identifying policies and goals for marketing management, support services planning and budget management. Operations management (with the assistance of the operations manager) ensures that the marketing department is fulfilling its expected responsibilities within the company by meeting budgetary guidelines and productivity goals. In service operations like Heathrow’s, customers frequently participate in the conversion process. Manufacturing operations like Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s employ very sophisticated and complex techniques for gauging resource consumption and production activities during the conversion process. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s operations, for example, take into consideration the manufacturing layout. In Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s manufacturing environment, operations managers are in charge of the processes required to convert raw materials into finished products. In Heathrow’s service operations, operations managers delegate duties to workers in order to make the handling of customer demand easier. Manufacturing and service organizations usually face many similar challenges that affect the eventual result of their operations.

Online Decision Aid In Airline Industry Marketing Essay

Online Decision Aid In Airline Industry Marketing Essay 1. Online Decision Aids (ODAs) The World Wide Web can change human behavior and its communications with the world largely. Online shopping is one major example. Internet is changing day by day the way customers are shopping, buying goods. Many companies started using the Internet with the aim of cutting marketing costs, thereby reducing the price of their products and services. There are numbers of online shops that do not exist in the real world for e.g. Amazon, eBay, target etc. There is lot of benefit for all those who are sitting at home. Sometimes it may become difficult for a customer to choose a product from such a huge list, but customers always go for quality and Price. Most online retailers provide the customers with some help in the form of online decision aids (ODAs) .Online Decision Aid (ODA) is how customers make purchase on Internet .Customers buying goods on internet is based on the Online decision Aid. ODA help customers firstly through Information retrieval that is form of searching documents and data within the documents, as well as searching relational databases of documents within the World Wide Web. Whenever user enters a query in search bar, IR scores the query and ranks it according to its value. Secondly, ODAs uses information filtering, through which the system removes unwanted data and brings relevant stuff for customers according to customers need. Filtering tool helps user to locate the most relevant data, so that system take limited time to search for product and valuable documents. Filters used to organize and structure information so that information displayed in front of customers in sequence. Lastly, ODA use Collaborative Filtering process that displayed in front of customers. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the process of filtering data or techniques involving collaboration among multiple agents, viewpoints, data sources, etc. CF is applied on many different kinds of data sensing and monitoring data such as in mineral exploration, environmental sensing over large areas or multiple sensors; financial data such as financial service institutions that integrate many financial sources; or in electronic commerce and web 2.0 applications where the focus is on user data, etc. Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm involves Prediction of the item and recommendation of data. Example of Collaborative filtering (CF): Figure 1: Result of Google 2. Benefits of ODA Use of ODA help user to find the product easy and more quickly. The task of ODA is use to compare or filter the data and brings relevant data in front of customers. In practice, ODAs get information from the customers and then based on the input preferences; they filter a massive amount of information and provide the customers with a smaller set of results. In addition, if there are plenty of customers on one website so in that way retailer have to make combination of ODA according to Customer decision. Customers buying travel tickets online does not have good idea than the customers buying a Product from online stores. If a customer is, buying ticket online is identified then the website developer have to see how many Combination of ODA can be made according to customer need and bringing accurate result in front of customer. 3. Types of ODA There are five types of ODA namely: Recommendation Agent Personalized Recommendation Bargain List Consumer Reviews Problem Definition 3.1. Recommendation Agent Recommendation agents (RAs) are software agents that bring products according to customer need. If customer is searching for a Product, online software agent brings related products in front of customer to save time. RA sustain and develop the quality of the decisions that customers made when searching for and selecting products online (Xiao. B Benbasat I, 2007). RA focuses on developing and evaluating different underlying algorithms that generate recommendations (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007). RA itself is ODA that produce a list of goods available in the online store and then that list, ranked based on customer preferences. RA generates recommendation in a way to help customers. For example if customer is buying an Airline Ticket than RA also recommend other airline tickets with cheap prices so that it become easier for customers(Mohajerani .A , 2008). Figure 2: Process of Recommendation agents (RA) RAs use in different areas, including E-commerce, education, and organization knowledge management (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007). In context of E-commerce, RA involved in two Processes: product brokering merchant brokering Product Brokering is the process of finding the best-suited product for customer and merchant brokering is the process of finding the best-suited vendor (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007).In the project we focus on Product Brokering RA. A product broker is someone that locates the best possible deals for their customer by using a variety of sources. Some Product brokers have connections with major retail partner stores like Target, Wal-mart, Best Buy, etc that provide customers with the best potential deals. In Product broker case if customer want to buy product (i.e. Airline ticket) first he have to contact product broker, services of product broker are free. Customer signs up and provides detail to product broker what he is looking for, then product broker direct you to best store for that product. Once customer buys that product through Product broker services then product broker is pay through partner stores. In this way, it becomes smarter and easier for customer to buy that product rather than searching for that on different websites. 3.2. Personalized Recommendation Shopping on the web is more informative rather than shopping in ordinary store. So much information about products may lead overload and that creates less discontentment and confusion in customers. If we create personalized recommender systems, than this problem will overcome as there are different ways to overcome this Problem (Mohajerani .A, 2008).There are two types of personalized recommender systems (Mohajerani .A, 2008) First, if customer wants to buy a product. The personal information of a customer is collected and the system reasons about the preferences of the customer by analyzing the available personal information. Then, the history of the products he or she has browsed and the products he or she has purchased in the past would be analyzed. Finally, a profile is created for the customer to be used for further recommendations (Mohajerani .A , 2008) .System then record observation and behavior of customer and build a model according to that observation , once the model is obtained than System Predict other Product according to the behavior of customer in same area . Figure 3: Personalized Recommender Systems The second type of personalized system are those in which customer do not frequently purchase (Mohajerani .A, 2008). For example if customer is purchasing an airline ticket on the other hand he is purchasing home appliance, there will be no history maintain for such kind of ODA. For this other recommender system are used In this case, domain experts are required to make recommendations and give suggestion (Mohajerani .A, 2008). 3.3. Bargain List Bargain lists are the list of products or services, which sellers offer with lower price or in discount rates. Retailers tend to offer bargains and discounts on special occasions e.g. Christmas, Eid etc (Mohajerani .A, 2008). Figure 4: List of discounted Items Sometime customer likes products but they cannot afford in different seasons. Discount rates help customer to buy their favorite goods. Customers mostly consider price the main factor that draws them to an online retailing Web site. However, although offering low prices on all products is a good way to attract price-sensitive customers (Mohajerani .A, 2008). Bargain list is useful in two ways (Mohajerani .A , 2008) first customer react towards lower price product and discounted products , second bargain list offer those product which are left few in the stock. Bargain list are those ODA which inform customer about the low prices products (Mohajerani .A, 2008). 3.4. Consumer Reviews When customer is shopping online, they face two types of reviews. One is product review which is created by the retailer of the product and the second is a consumer review (CR) which is written by the consumers who have already used the product (Mohajerani .A, 2008). Consumer review is the review of product and suggestion of other products to customer. Figure 5: Consumer review Product review Customer search for opinions from other customer and they mostly rely on experience of other customer then they make final decision whether to purchase or not. Customers can give feedback for that product so that it becomes influence towards other customers. CRs are presented in a written form, consumers are then able to easily examine and measure positive and negative opinions in terms of quality and quantity (Mohajerani .A, 2008). 3.5. Problem Definition Decision making process for customer might become problem sometimes but ODA satisfied the customer through different recommendation systems. ODA develop more practical and convenient Web site for customers. 4. Importance of Online Decision Aid in Airline Industry Airline industry moves towards saving time of customers. Customer interacts with websites rather than inconveniently interact with an impatient travel agent in search for less Expensive tickets (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008). In this Project, we will examine a solution in the context of the travel industry. Customers just have to use internet when they write their query in search engine. Through this process total search cost of customer is reduce. Online decision aid has become an important tool for customer to take decision more quickly and effectively. In the context of flights, as information about alternative travel combinations is present, Customers can find similar, alternative flights, with lower prices and lower experienced demand. Therefore, depending on their flexibility, customers may end up purchasing less expensive alternatives rather than the more expensive, highly demanded ones (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008). When you search for a flight in search engine, you get various results. Some of the e-ticketing websites are Expedia, .ixigo, onetime, .travel-ticker, booking buddy, fare compare etc. Figure 6: Example of Airfare websites The main context of this research is to what extent information is provided by a decision aid on a carrierà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s website affects the results of retailer. More specifically, the major contributions of our research are in (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008): Record the previous search by customer, and extend the work and give recommendation of other airfare product through consumer review with discounts. Improving interaction between decision aids and pricing (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008). Improving the processes affecting airfare pricing (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008). 5. Web portal of flights Example Through a research on two web portal Expedia and Sky scanner, we extract few results. We book a round trip from Karachi (KHI) to Dubai (DXB) starting from Dec 31, 2010 to Jan 13, 2011. Both websites gave different consequences with recommendations of different airlines Figure 7: Sky Scanner and Expedia Figure 8: Results of Sky scanner Sky scanner show results with different airline Air blue, Emirates with timing of Departure and Duration with total cost of the flight. Figure 9: Results of Expedia Expedia show flights with different airline Gulf Air, Emirates with timing of Departure and Duration with total cost of the flight. Comparing the entire result, customer will select Airline with less charge and less duration time. In this way, it becomes easier for customer to book flights and ODA recommend so many flights. Sometime on special occasion like Christmas, Eid etc these retailers give discount on tickets and there are special honeymoon packages for couples. Figure 10: Bargaining list of travel deals 6. Conclusion ODA in airline industry is best way to buy ticket online on customer demand with cheap prices .ODA help customer to find best product they need. ODA uses different types of filtering tool, which is use to filter data, bring the most relevant data in front of customer, and give suggestions about other products. Through ODA, Recommendation agents (RAs) bring product according to customer wish and show bargain list of that product to customer. Customer also can buy product through product broker, which is link with some retailers. Customers can give feedback for products on web portal so it becomes helpful and easier for other customer to buy that product.

Events That Led to the United States Involvement In World War II Essay

Events That Led to the United States Involvement In World War II World War II was a war that proved to the world the awesome power of the United States. Many events led up to the U.S. involvement in the war, topped off by the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor. Many great people contributed to leading the United State to victory in the war. They include General Douglas MacArthur, General Dwight Eisenhower, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. World War II also consisted of many major events including Operation Overlord and the U.S. bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Overall the United States played a major role in World War II and displayed their power through strong generals and their initiative and strong leadership in major events. Before the United States entered WW II, President Franklin Roosevelt signed a series of documents known as the Neutrality Acts. These acts were passed and followed between the years 1935 and 1941 and were used to keep the U.S. out of the war.1 The Neutrality Acts limited weapons sales to countries not involved in the war, gave the U.S. power to keep its citizens off of ships of, or travelling to nations involved in the war, and outlawed loans to countries currently in war and countries who had not paid back previous loans.2 These acts also outlawed American ships to carry weapons to nations in the war. The U.S. believed that if a nation in war knew that a ship had weapons on it, this ship would be a prime target for that country, therefor drawing the U.S. into another war. The Neutrality Acts helped keep the U.S. out of WW II until the bombing of Pearl Harbor, at which point the U.S. helped the British through a "Lend-Lease Program". The Lend-Lease Program allowed the U.S. to give ar ms and... ...e Bomb Pearl Harbor. http://historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm (4 Mar. 2000). "Sequence of Events." "Sequence of Events." "Sequence of Events." World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941-1945. "The Atom Bomb." http://www.rnv.u-net.com/ (5 Mar. 2000). "The Atom Bomb."

Cultural Tourism Essay

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world today that consists of eco-tourism, beach tourism, cruises, cultural tourism and business tourism. This essay will mainly discuss the authenticity of cultural tourism. Meethan suggested in 2001 that modern cultures and societies are just as authentic as those that are present since decades and even centuries. Meethan here is correct, because the tourists really seek a dispersed experience in cultures both modern and old. However, many people think that only the traditional cultures and original artefacts come under the definition of authentic cultural tourism. Even the tourists have a different insight of what constitutes the authenticity in cultural tourism. This essay will talk about these issues and their implications for cultural tourism. Cultural tourism, according to World Tourism Organization (WTO), is the visit of the interested tourists to culturally rich destinations and their visit consists of a range of activities such as visits to heritage buildings and sites, attending performances of the local artists, taking part in traditional festivities and pilgrimage of holy places. Many do not agree with this narrow definition by WTO as the cultural tourism is synonymised with the civilizations and the way of living of the historic societies in that tourist destination. The local residents are mostly ignored from the definition and also from the concept of cultural tourism. However, the truth is that the locals make up for the major part of the experience of tourists. Their way of living and the current culture of the residents if often revitalized for enhancing the experience of the tourists. This forced influence on the local cultures for attracting more tourists is hurting the authenticity of the cultures in tourist destinations (Clarke 2003). Although it is true that tourists seek a combination of modern and traditional cultures on their destinations, but they prefer to consume traditional and modern tourism separately. Some of the tourists just fly from East to West for sinking into the beauty of traditional culture. These tourists want to enjoy the tradition by visiting cultural heritage buildings, attending traditional theatres and listening to the cultural songs of the destination. However, some cultural entrepreneurs try to blend the modern aspects with the traditional culture for the promotion of the destinations. There is a triangle of the cultural entrepreneurs, the tourists and the residents of the destination. The culture of the destination is defined by the way of living of the residents and the activities of the entrepreneurs. For the purpose of expanding the business, attracting more tourists and enhancing their sales, the local hosts and cultural entrepreneurs force the residents to change their way of living and link it to the culture. This is done in order to present the tourists with a cultural experience. Hungary has been known for the production wine and the tradition of small wine shops with their own vineyards. These shops and the people involved in the production of wine were of a particular attraction to the tourists as they saw this tradition of wine production as a rich culture. As tourism thrived, there were attempts to increase the production of wines through both, the government authorities and through the cultural entrepreneurs. However, this mass production of wine was not as successful as the wine from small wineries. This is the threat to the authenticity of the culture and the tourists proved that they did not like this blend of modern and traditional culture in Hungary. They proved that they preferred the traditional culture over the modern culture as the mass production of Hungarian wine was not successful. The tourists came to this Hungarian destination for the experience of the traditional small wineries and not for the wine. The tourists also did not get any special treatment by the independent wine producers in Hungary because they considered the tourists as a source of sales. The tourists were not treated any differently from other customers and they were given the sale offer; taste it and purchase it if you like it. This was because the only interest for the wine producers was the revenue from the sale of the wines and nothing more. In this case, the original culture was not touched by the cultural entrepreneurs, and minimal accommodation was made for the tourists such as the use of local wood for furniture. This resulted in the reduction of wine tourism in this area as there was no cultural entrepreneurship. There was nothing more in the offer except the wine, but afterwards some food dishes were also added to the menu but the tourism still was low because of the more complex wine tourism efforts by the other countries. The other countries excelling in wine production attracted more tourists than Hungary because they were able to blend the modern and traditional culture. Another case that supports the view of Meethan is the case of â€Å"Valley of the Arts† which attracted millions of customers each year at the arts festival that was organized by Istvan Marta. The organizers gave a deep thought on the cultural perspectives of the valley and they came to the conclusion that different tourists have different needs. The high spenders would require different type of product than attending just a simple art festival. The venues were made better and redesigned and the marketing efforts were doubled. The organizers attracted sponsorships and media coverage and hence added to the appeal. The locals were also involved and were allowed to attend the shows and these events were transformed into a very fashionable one. Soon the streets became crowded with high end cars owned by the German tourists. Hence, from these two case studies, the lessons learnt are that an entrepreneurial spirit is necessary for the promotion of the cultural tourism focusing on the core of the activity. Hence, modern and traditional cultures need to go hand in hand for the attraction of the international tourists. The commercial intent is necessary but the tradition should be kept alive which is the driving force for the tourists. The tourists should be given added facilities to augment the sales and attract the high spenders and luxury seekers. While Alan Clarke was working in the rural areas of Hungary, the local tradition was kept alive but still the communication technologies had a lot of penetration. The list of available international channels was far more than the number available in United Kingdom. The rural areas had access to Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, French, German, American and Russian channels (Clarke 2003). Jaipur, a culturally rich city of India, is particularly selected as a destination by tourists because of its historical attractions including the handicrafts and the heritage. Jaipur inhibits some of the forts built by the Moguls, centuries old paintings, the preserved sculptures and the traditional excellence in architecture that is preserved in buildings such as mosques. The tourists are also keen to visit Jaipur because of the folklore dances and Sufi music that was inspired by pundits and saints centuries ago. However, the city is continuously gearing up and adding more hotels and hi-tech facilities for the tourists. The core product of tourism in this city is the same for all tourists, but different income level groups can enjoy different class of tourism in this city (Kala 2008). High spenders can opt to spend their evenings in luxury spas while the people belonging to lower income group can live in small hotels and save money to spend on the purchase of handicraft and sculptures. According to a survey on the local residents, around 85% of the residents of Jaipur think that there was an evidence of development of city because of tourism and more entertainment facilities such as pubs, bars, hotels, swimming pools and parks were being developed. In the city, the local small scale industries were also being promoted by the government as the handicraft items were in demand by the foreign tourists. New hotels were also being built for accommodating the increasing number of tourists over time. This has induced employment and created new job opportunities for the local residents. Around 81% of the respondents in Jaipur thought that employment was being generated in the city because of the increasing tourism. Hotels and restaurants are labour intensive and hence they require the locals to work in their facilities. This generates more jobs for the local residents. Increasing tourism had positive impacts on the economy, but the locals have to face the problems such as increased traffic jams in the city and change in the culture. The way of living of the locals change as the standard of living gets better. Once the international tourists start coming in, and development start, then the primary culture is forgotten. 71% of the respondents of a survey in Jaipur commented that the increase in tourism has affected their traditional culture (Kala 2008). This change in traditional culture and way of living could harm the cultural tourism industry in the long term because the tourists will not be attracted to the city once the way of living of the locals is changed. The tourist-host interaction is very important in cultural tourism because it is an integral part of cultural tourism. The cultural tourists expect a spontaneous interaction with the locals and their traditional hospitality. However, if these important elements are vanished from the Jaipur culture, then the cultural tourists will no longer be attracted to the city. From the case studies presented, it is proved that only those tourist destinations have been successful which integrated modern and traditional culture. Authenticity of the culture is affected by designing attractions for the tourists but this depends upon the definition of cultural tourism. The modern tourist, however, can no longer enjoy cultural tourism that is untouched by modernity. There are also some issues when there is a blend of the two types of cultures. If these issues are managed properly, cultural tourism can be of great help to the economy of the destination and it can be responsible for raising the standard of living of the locals too. WORKS CITED Clarke, A. â€Å"The Cultural Tourism Dynamic. † Conference on Developing Cultural Tourism. UK: University of Nottingham, 2003. Kala, N. â€Å"Host Perception of Heritage Tourism Impact with Special Refernce to the City of Jaipur. † entrepreneurs 1, no. 1 (2008): 65-76.

The Red Death essays

The Red Death essays The night was coming and the Red Death had already been there and tormented the town. Many where lying on the streets breathing their last breathe. Prince Prospero brought all whom where well in to his castle and locked and welded up the gates and doors so no one could infect them with this tragedy. He had food and wine and dancing for all in his layer, and had evaded the Red Death from following them in. Prince Prospero had seven rooms for the party each with there own color. There was blue, purple, green, orange, white, violet, and black. In each room the windows, carpets, and shades where all the same color. Prince Prospero had an interest in bizarre pieces of art so it is surrounds the rooms. He also owned a huge Grandfather Clock that chimes very loudly on ever hour. The party was filled with music, laughter, food and wine. At every hour the clock would chime. Five times at five oclock, six times at six oclock and so on. All the dancers and music would stop and everyone would license to the chimes like a spell had over taken them. At twelve oclock the clock chimed again and seemed to take forever for the clock to chime twelve. At the last chime the party still remained silent, as a new interruption had occurred. The intruder came at the sound of twelve and was thought to be a guest at first and even after a long glance the guests could still not think of what horror was standing so near to them. Prince Prospero anger turned to rage as he confronted the figure. He was covered in blood and he had the look of a corpse. A small number of the guests thought they recognized the Red Death but not Prince Prospero. He had sneaked into the party with every door looked and shut. Prince Prospero could only think of the insult that this man had done to him. He confronted the figure and asked his guards to arrest him and take his mask off. They did nothing and only watche ...

Observing Tomb Sweeping Day in China

Observing Tomb Sweeping Day in China Tomb Sweeping Day (æ ¸â€¦Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¨Å â€š, QÄ «ngmà ­ng jià ©) is a one-day Chinese holiday that has been celebrated in China for centuries. The day is meant to commemorate and pay respect to a person’s ancestors. Thus, on Tomb Sweeping Day, families visit and clean the gravesite of their ancestors to show their respect. In addition to visiting cemeteries, people also go for walks in the countryside, plant willows, and fly kites. Those who cannot travel back to their ancestors’ gravesites may opt to pay their respects at martyrs parks to pay homage to revolutionary martyrs. When Is Tomb Sweeping Day? Tomb Sweeping Day is held 107 days after the start of winter and is celebrated on April 4 or April 5, depending on the lunar calendar. Tomb Sweeping Day is a national holiday in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan with most people having the day off from work or school to allow time to travel to ancestral gravesites. Origins Tomb Sweeping Day is based on the Hanshi Festival, which is also known as the Cold Food Festival and Smoke-Banning Festival. While the Hanshi Festival is no longer celebrated today, it has gradually been absorbed into Tomb Sweeping Day festivities. The Hanshi Festival commemorated Jie Zitui, a loyal court official from the Spring and Autumn Period. Jie was a loyal minister to Chong Er. During a civil war, Prince Chong Er and Jie fled and were in exile for 19 years. According to legend, Jie was so loyal during the duo’s exile that he even made broth out of the flesh of his leg to feed the prince when they were short of food. When Chong Er later became king, he rewarded those who helped him when times were tough; however, he overlooked Jie. Many advised Jie to remind Chong Er that he, too, should be repaid for his loyalty. Instead, Jie packed his bags and relocated to the mountainside. When Chong Er discovered his oversight, he was ashamed. He went to look for Jie in the mountains. The conditions were harsh and he was unable to find Jie. Someone suggested that Chong Er set fire to the forest to force Jie out. After the king set fire to the forest, Jie didn’t appear. When the fire was extinguished, Jie was found dead with his mother on his back. He was under a willow tree and a letter written in blood was found in a hole in the tree. The letter read: Giving meat and heart to my lord, hoping my lord will always be upright. An invisible ghost under a willow Is better than a loyal minister beside my lord. If my lord has a place in his heart for me, please make self-reflection when remembering me. I have a clear conscious in the nether world, being pure and bright in my offices year after year. To commemorate Jie’s death, Chong Er created the Hanshi Festival and ordered that no fire could be set on this day. Meaning, only cold food could be eaten. One year later, Chong Er went back to the willow tree to hold a memorial ceremony and found the willow tree in bloom again. The willow was named ‘Pure Bright White’ and the Hanshi Festival became known as ‘Pure Brightness Festival.’ Pure Brightness is a fitting name for the festival because the weather is usually bright and clear in early April. How Is Tomb Sweeping Day Celebrated? Tomb Sweeping Day is celebrated with families reuniting and traveling to their ancestors’ gravesites to pay their respects. First, weeds are removed from the gravesite and the tombstone is cleaned and swept. Any necessary repairs to the gravesite are also made. New earth is added and willow branches are placed atop the gravesite. Next, joss sticks are placed by the grave. The sticks are then lit and an offering of food and paper money is placed at the tomb. Paper money is burned while family members show their respect by bowing to their ancestors. Fresh flowers are placed at the tomb and some families also plant willow trees. In ancient times, five-colored paper was placed underneath a stone on the grave to signify that someone had visited the grave and that it had not been abandoned. As cremation is gaining popularity, families continue the tradition by making offerings at ancestral altars or by placing wreaths and flowers at martyrs’ shrines. Due to hectic work schedules and the long distance some families must travel, some families opt to mark the festival earlier or later in April over a long weekend or assign a few family members to make the trip on behalf of the entire family. Once the family has paid their respects at the gravesite, some families will have a picnic at the gravesite. Then, they take advantage of the usually good weather to take a walk in the countryside, known as è ¸ Ã© â€™ (TqÄ «ng), hence another name for the festival - Taqing Festival. Some people wear a willow twig on their heads to keep ghosts away. Another custom includes picking shepherd’s purse flower. Women also pick herbs and make dumplings with them and they also wear the shepherd’s purse flower in their hair. Other traditional activities on Tomb Sweeping Day include playing tug-of-war and swinging on swings. It is also a good time for sowing and other agricultural activities, including planting willow trees.

File Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

File - Essay Example The civil society of that time participated actively in bringing about the social change that was unavoidable at that time. The serfs who were considered to possess no civil or human rights were emancipated2. Although this was considered a move against the interests of the land owners; the land owners had to accept it as there was no way out. The elite class of the society was well aware of the public sentiment and despite their unwillingness to allow such reforms to take place; they had to act to shape the face of the society according to their own will as far as possible. The effects of reforms were more visible in judicial, military, governmental and educational sectors. Generally considered a turning point in the history of Russia, the reforms were not welcomed by all sects of the population and there were many who actually rejected the notion of reforms3. â€Å"The period of reforms is considered to be a period of satisfaction and hope for the Russian civil society of that time†. Keeping in view the fact that Russia remained under autocratic control for a considerably lengthy period of its history4, the notion of reforms was warmly welcomed by the oppressed classes of the society. This was primarily due to the reason that the prospect of independence and equal opportunities of growth were a dream come true for the laborer class. Although the reforms were implemented with the idea of bringing improvement in the lives of the poor class; efforts were made to ensure the safety of the interests of the higher classes of the society. Following the abolition of serfdom, a swift change in the pattern of ownership of lands was expected. For the upper class this was considered an act against their interests, whereas the serfs were delighted to see this happening. A peasant reform program was adopted by the government that allowed the peasants get hold of pieces of land. This resulted in a class of property owners who were

Philippines 1800+ (or if befor it's ok) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philippines 1800+ (or if befor it's ok) - Essay Example This prestigious status granted to the upper class was known as the encomienda, and they would organize the natives to makeup a soldier battalion for the king, which would in turn be used to fight against other subsequent invaders such as the Dutch and the Britons. However, those granted this state misused it, and eventually the system of governance was abolished by 1700, with an introduction of the administrative provinces, which were then administered by the provincial governors, selected amongst the colonists (Meyer, 33). The church also played a major role in the administration of the colony, through managing the sentiments of the inhabitants, and the powers of the church leaders, also referred to as the friars, were even greater than those of the governor responsible for governing an administrative province. The major characteristic of the Spanish governance in the colony was the establishment of a plaza in every city, which formed the administrative center, where the government , the church and the market area were located, while the residential areas then surrounded the administrative center (Burrell, 112). ... Taxation was a requirement for the residents of the colony, who had to pay a tribute that consisted of the tax to the government and a certain percentage as tithe to the church. Forced labor was the other aspect that was introduced into the Philippines colony, where the residents had to provide 40 days of community labor, which was eventually reduced to 15 days in 1884, for all peoples aged 16 to 60 years (Burrell, 72). However, the forced labor system created a corruption avenue for the encomienda, who would ask for a bribe in exchange for absentia to the mandatory communal work. It is both the abuse of power by the religious orders and the abuse of power by the encomienda that led to the Philippine revolution of 1898, which brought the end of the colonization of the Philippines by the Spanish Empire. The formation of the rebel groups in readiness for the revolution started in 1896, and by the December of 1897, the rebel groups had spread throughout all the provinces and caused a ma jor stalemate with the provincial governments, making it hard for the governments to undertake their administrative roles (Burgan, 64). The ability of the Spanish to resist the rebels was weakened by the breakout of the Spanish-American war in 1898, which forced the Spanish to enter into a treaty with the Americans to sell the Philippines colony to America at $20 million, as well as turn in Guam and Puerto Rico, thus formerly ending the Spanish rule of the Philippines (Burrell, 98). On the other hand the patriot Filipinos had taken the acquisition of much of the territory, and declared the independence of First Philippine Republic in July 1898, but the American

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Essay

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the antimonopoly law in china - Essay Example Some businesses, whether private or state owned could monopolize the market activities, from which most small organizations and individual businesses felt strained, and could eventually close the businesses. Having the price of products and services dictated by a specific organization made them monopolize the markets and their shares, such that small and medium enterprises felt inferior, most of them operating under influence of bigger companies and with little as benefits. The Antimonopoly law began operating in early August 2008, making China a vital competition law jurisdiction, for international and domestic businesses, or companies with running activities in China’s territory. Its three broad rules are based on prohibiting abuse of dominant market positions and restrictive agreements, mergers rules preventing mergers or joint ventures that restrict competition as well as control M&A activities, and rules forbidding abuse of administrative powers that end up in competition restriction. The application of the law is viewed differently among the people of China. Some think it applies to all businesses or organizations in dealings of providing goods and services, while others think the complexity of the law has something to enhance leniency in state owned enterprises. However, even after its initiation, several factors have dominated to restrict full enforcement of the law. They include limited transparency, concentration, influence from government involvement, outdated economic planning, unreliable market infrastructure, unnecessary enforcement of law, insider control, and general resistance. So far, the Anti Monopoly Law (AML) is being enforced by three bodies; MOFCOM, NDRC and SAIC, to ensure fair competition, safeguard social public and consumer interest, boost economic efficiency, and restrain monopolistic behavior. The enforcement agencies continue to experience challenges and problems in the law enforcement practice, limiting effective applicatio n and acceptance of the AML by the people. 1. Limited Transparency Over the years, the enforcement agencies have been handling many cases to do with monopolistic agreements, merger control, and price and non price related cases for the companies and businesses operating and showing interest to practice within China. The NDRC and SAIC have faced accusations of hiding investigation results, but MOFCOM has so far been transparent. NDRC and SAIC, which are regulators of anti monopoly law of China have limited transparency to a certain level, raising the need for confidentiality of certain information, with respect to the companies after investigation. For example, the TravelSky, which is a state owned company, was alleged to change its discount policies back in 2009, influencing other airlines in its network to raise airfares that resulted in country wide complaints The NDRC was the enforcement agency responsible for conducting investigations in the case, but the consumers of the airlin e service and the public never got to hear the results of the investigation (Wang, 2011). The controversial issue remains as to why some investigation results of certain companies are disclosed, while those of others never get to be released to the public. Again, most of the cases brought forward are convictions of private enterprises, in areas of cartels and abuse of dominance. Does it mean that the law breakers are private organizations and businesses? Surely, the state owned enterprises (SOE) are no exception, but too many issues to do with them are being ignored, or leniency is being applied to them as a favor. The structure of

Context of Indigenous health Essay Example for Free

Context of Indigenous health Essay Historical context and social determinants of Indigenous health There is a clear relationship between the social disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people and their current health status [1]. These social disadvantages, directly related to dispossession and characterised by poverty and powerlessness, are reflected in measures of education, employment, and income. Before presenting the key indicators of Indigenous health status, it is important, therefore, to provide a brief summary of the context within which these indicators should be considered. The historical context of Indigenous health Indigenous peoples generally enjoyed better health in 1788 than most people living in Europe [2][3][4][5][6]. They did not suffer from smallpox, measles, influenza, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, venereal syphilis and gonorrhoea, diseases that were common in 18th century Europe. Indigenous people probably suffered from hepatitis B, some bacterial infections (including a non-venereal form of syphilis and yaws) and some intestinal parasites. Trauma is likely to have been a major cause of death, and anaemia, arthritis, periodontal disease, and tooth attrition are known to have occurred. The impact of these diseases at a population level was relatively small compared with the effects of the diseases that affected 18th century Europe. All of this changed after 1788 with the arrival of introduced illness, initially smallpox and sexually transmissible infections (gonorrhoea and venereal syphilis), and later tuberculosis, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough [3][4][7][8]. These diseases, particularly smallpox, caused considerable loss of life among Indigenous populations, but the impacts were not restricted to the immediate victims. The epidemic also affected the fabric of Indigenous societies through depopulation and social disruption. The impact of introduced diseases was almost certainly the major cause of death for Indigenous people, but direct conflict and occupation of Indigenous homelands also contributed substantially to Indigenous mortality [7][9][10]. The initial responses of Indigenous people to the arrival of the First Fleet were apparently quite peaceful. It didnt take long, however, before conflict started to occur initially over access to fish stocks and then over access to other resources as non-Indigenous people started to plant crops and introduce livestock. This pattern of conflict was almost certainly widespread as non-Indigenous people spread across the country. Conflict escalated in many places, in some instances resulting in overt massacres of Indigenous people. The 1838 massacre at Myall Creek (near Inverell, NSW) is the most infamous [11], but less well-known massacres occurred across Australia [10]. As Bruce Elder notes, as painful and shameful as they are, the massacres should be as much a part of Australian history as the First Fleet, the explorers, the gold rushes and the bushrangers ([10], p. vi). Prior to 1788, Indigenous people were able to define their own sense of being through control over all aspects of their lives, including ceremonies, spiritual practices, medicine, social relationships, management of land, law, and economic activities [12][13][14]. In addition to the impacts of introduced diseases and conflict, the spread of non-Indigenous peoples undermined the ability of Indigenous people to lead healthy lives by devaluing their culture, destroying their traditional food base, separating families, and dispossessing whole communities [3][4][7]. This loss of autonomy undermined social vitality, which, in turn, affected the capacity to meet challenges, including health challenges; a cycle of dispossession, demoralisation, and poor health was established. These impacts on Indigenous populations eventually forced colonial authorities to try to protect remaining Indigenous peoples. This pressure led to the establishment of Aboriginal protection boards, the first established in Vic by the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1869 [15]. A similar Act established the NSW Aborigines Protection Board in 1883, with the other colonies also enacting legislation to protect Indigenous populations within their boundaries. The protection provided under the provisions of the various Acts imposed enormous restrictions on the lives of many Indigenous people. These restrictions meant that, as late as 1961, in eastern Australia nearly one-third of all Australians recorded as being of Aboriginal descent lived in settlements ([16], p. 4). The provisions of the Acts were also used to justify the forced separation of Indigenous children from their families by compulsion, duress or undue influence ([15], p. 2). The National Inquiry into the separation of the children concluded that between one-in-three and one-in-ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970 ([15], p. 31). It was the 1960s, at the earliest, when the various protection Acts were either repealed or became inoperative. The importance of contemporary social determinants and cultural concepts of Indigenous health The health disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people can be considered historical in origin [14], but perpetuation of the disadvantages owes much to contemporary structural and social factors, embodied in what have been termed the social determinants of health [1][17][18]. In broad terms, economic opportunity, physical infrastructure, and social conditions influence the health of individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. These factors are specifically manifest in measures such as education, employment, income, housing, access to services, social networks, connection with land, racism, and incarceration. On all these measures, Indigenous people suffer substantial disadvantage. For many Indigenous people, the ongoing effects of protection and the forced separation of children from their families compound other social disadvantages. It is also important in considering Indigenous health to understand how Indigenous people themselves conceptualise health. There was no separate term in Indigenous languages for health as it is understood in western society [19]. The traditional Indigenous perspective of health is holistic. It encompasses everything important in a persons life, including land, environment, physical body, community, relationships, and law. Health is the social, emotional, and cultural wellbeing of the whole community and the concept is therefore linked to the sense of being Indigenous. This conceptualisation of health has much in common with the social determinants model and has crucial implications for the simple application of biomedically-derived concepts as a means of improving Indigenous health. The reductionist, biomedical approach is undoubtedly useful in identifying and reducing disease in individuals, but its limitations in addressing population-wide health disadvantages, such as those experienced by Indigenous people, must be recognised. Indicators of Indigenous social disadvantage. The key measures in these areas for Indigenous people nationally include: Education According to 2011 Australian Census [20]: 92% of 5 year-old Indigenous children were attending an educational institution 1. 6% of the Indigenous population had not attended school compared with 0. 9% of the non-Indigenous population 29% of Indigenous people reported year 10 as their highest year of school completion; 25% had completed year 12, compared with 52% of non-Indigenous people 26% of Indigenous people reported having a post-school qualification, compared with 49% of non-Indigenous people 4. 6% of Indigenous people had attained a bachelor degree or higher, compared with 20% of non-Indigenous people. An ABS school report [21] revealed, in 2011: the apparent retention rate for Indigenous students from year 7/8 to year 10 was 99%, from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 49% for non-Indigenous students, the apparent retention rate from year 7/8 to year 10 was 101%; and from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 81%. The 2011 national report on schooling in Australia [22] showed: 76% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 66% in year 5 were at or above the national minimum standard for reading, compared with 95% and 93% respectively of all Australian students 80% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for persuasive writing, compared with 96% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 72% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5. Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for spelling, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 93% of all year 5 students 71% of year 3 Indigenous students and 65% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for grammar and punctuation, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 84% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 75% in year 5 were at or above the national minimum standard for numeracy, compared with 96% and 96% respectively of all Australian students. Employment According to the 2011 Australian Census [20]: 42% of Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 17% were unemployed. In comparison, 61% of non-Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 5% were unemployed the most common occupation classification of employed Indigenous people was labourer (18%) followed by community and personal service workers (17%). The most common occupation classification of employed non-Indigenous people was professional (22%). Income According to the 2011 Australian Census [20]: the mean equivalised gross household income for Indigenous persons was around $475 per week approximately 59% of that for non-Indigenous persons (around $800). Indigenous population Based on information collected as a part of the 2011 Census of Population and Housing, the ABS has estimated the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population at 669,736 people at 30 June 2011 [23]. The estimated population for NSW was the highest (208,364 Indigenous people), followed by Qld (188,892), WA (88,277), and the NT (68,901) (Table 1). The NT has the highest proportion of Indigenous people among its population (29. 8%) and Vic the lowest (0. 9%). Table 1: Estimated Indigenous population, by jurisdiction, Australia, 30 June 2011 JurisdictionIndigenous population (number)Proportion of Australian Indigenous population (%)Proportion of jurisdiction population (%) Source: ABS, 2012 [23] Notes: Preliminary estimates are subject to revision; population projections are expected to be finalised by 2014 Australian population includes Jervis Bay Territory, the Cocos (Keeling). Islands, and Christmas Island Proportions of jurisdiction population have used total population figures estimated from demographic information for June 2011 NSW208,36431. 12. 9 Vic47,3277. 10. 9 Qld188,89228. 24. 2 WA88,27713. 23. 8 SA37,3925. 62. 3 Tas24,1553. 64. 7 ACT6,1670. 91. 7 NT68,90110. 329. 8. Australia669,736100. 03. 0 There was a 21% increase in the number of Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census compared with the 2006 Census2 [24]. The largest increases were in the ACT (34%), Vic (26%), NSW (25%) and Qld (22%). For all jurisdictions, the 55 years and over age-group showed the largest relative increase. There are two structural reasons contributing to the growth of the Indigenous population: the slightly higher fertility rates of Indigenous women compared with the rates of other Australian women (see Births and pregnancy outcome); and the significant numbers of Indigenous babies born to Indigenous fathers and non-Indigenous mothers. Two other factors are considered likely to have contributed to the increase in people identifying as Indigenous: changes in enumeration processes (i. e. more Indigenous people are being captured during the census process); and changes in identification (i. e. people who did not previously identify as Indigenous in the census have changed their response). Based on the 2011 Census, around 33% of Indigenous people lived in a capital city [25]. Detailed information about the geographic distribution of the Indigenous population for 2011 is not yet available, but figures from the 2006 Census indicated that the majority of Indigenous people lived in cities and towns [26]. Slightly more than one-half of the Indigenous population lived in areas classified as major cities or inner regional areas, compared with almost nine-tenths of the non-Indigenous population. (As well as these two classifications of remoteness in terms of access to goods and services and opportunities for social interaction, the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) has four other categories: outer regional, remote, very remote, and migratory [27]. ) Almost one-quarter of Indigenous people lived in areas classified as remote or very remote in relation to having very little access to goods, services and opportunities for social interaction ([28], p. 3). Less than 2% of non-Indigenous people lived in remote or very remote areas [26]. In terms of specific geographical areas, more than one-half (53%) of all Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census lived in nine of the 57 Indigenous regions (based largely on the former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) regions) [25]. The three largest regions were in eastern Australia (Brisbane, NSW Central and the North Coast, and Sydney-Wollongong), which accounted for 29% of the total Indigenous population. According to the 2011 Census, around 90% of Indigenous people are Aboriginal, 6% are Torres Strait Islanders, and 4% people identified as being of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent [25]. Around 63% of Torres Strait Islander people3 lived in Qld; NSW was the only other state with a large number of Torres Strait Islander people. The Indigenous population is much younger overall than the non-Indigenous population (Figure 1) [23]. According to estimates from the 2011 Census, at June 2011 about 36% Indigenous people were aged less than 15 years, compared with 18% of non-Indigenous people. About 3. 4% of Indigenous people were aged 65 years or over, compared with 14% of non-Indigenous people. Figure 1. Population pyramid of Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, 30 June 2011 Population pyramid of indigenous and non-indigenous populations, 2011 Source: ABS, 2012 [23] References Carson B, Dunbar T, Chenhall RD, Bailie R, eds. (2007) Social determinants of Indigenous health. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin Jackson LR, Ward JE (1999) Aboriginal health: why is reconciliation necessary?. Medical Journal of Australia; 170(9): 437-440 Butlin NG (1993) Economics and the dreamtime : a hypothetical history. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Campbell J (2002) Invisible invaders: smallpox and other diseases in Aboriginal Australia 1780-1880. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press Webb S (2009) Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: health and disease across a hunter-gatherer continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anderson W (2007). The colonial medicine of settler states: comparing histories of Indigenous health. Health and History; 9(2): 144-154 Butlin NG (1983) Our original aggression : Aboriginal populations of southeastern Australia, 1788-1850. Sydney: Allen Unwin Thomson N (1991) Tuberculosis among Aborigines. In: Proust AJ, ed. History of tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACT: Brolga Press: 61-67 Reynolds H (1982) The other side of the frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books Elder B (2003) Blood on the wattle: massacres and maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788. 3rd ed. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W: New Holland Harrison B (1978) The Myall Creek massacre. In: McBryde I, ed. Records of times past : ethnohistorical essays on the culture and ecology of the New England tribes. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies: 17-51 Howitt R (2001) Rethinking resource management : justice, sustainability and Indigenous peoples. London: Routledge Hunter E (1993) Aboriginal health and history: power and prejudice in remote Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Saggers S, Gray D (1991) Aboriginal health and society: the traditional and contemporary Aboriginal struggle for better health. North Sydney: Allen and Unwin National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families (1997) Bringing them home: report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families. Retrieved 17 November 2011 from http://www. humanrights. gov. au/pdf/social_justice/bringing_them_home_report. pdf Long JPM (1970) Aboriginal settlements: a survey of institutional communities in eastern Australia. Canberra: Australian National University Press Marmot M (2004) The status syndrome: how social standing affects our health and longevity. New York: Holt Paperbacks Wilkinson R, Marmot M (2003) Social determinants of health: the solid facts. Denmark: World Health Organization National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party (1989) A national Aboriginal health strategy. Canberra: Department of Aboriginal Affairs Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing: characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) Schools, Australia, 2010. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2011) National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy: achievement in reading, persuasive writing, language conventions and numeracy: national report for 2011. Sydney: Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Australian demographic statistics, March quarter 2012. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Yap M, Biddle N (2012) Indigenous fertility and family formation: CAEPR Indigenous population project: 2011 census papers. Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Population characteristics.

The Matrix - Finding Reality In The Matrix Essay -- essays research pa

Movies are wonderful things; they can inspire, spark debate, and even make you believe in what you are seeing. Virtual Reality is a creation of a highly interactive computer-based multimedia environment in which the user becomes a participant with the computer in a "virtually real" world. Movies and virtual reality can do the same thing: make you believe what is presented to you. Although there are several movies which use virtual reality in the plot, such as The Lawnmower Man, and Hackers, the one most prevalent to me is The Matrix. Although this movie contains many aspects of virtual reality, it stands out in my mind so much because it suggests that the world in which we live, is a virtual one. The Matrix has many different aspects of virtual reality and they are incorporated throughout the movie. Virtual reality is involved in this movie in one major way: it suggests that our world is merely a virtual reality program that was created in order to â€Å"control† humans and keep them from the â€Å"real world,† which has been taken over by artificial intelligence who harvest humans for power. The main character in the movie is Gary Anderson, affectionately known to the hacker-world as Neo. He is contacted by people who have escaped the Matrix, and through a series of adventures, joins them. At one point in the movie, Neo goes to a psychic to find out if he is the one person who can save the rest of us from the Matrix. While waiting to see the psychic, Neo encounters a boy, ...

The Pruitt-Igoe Myth

In the middle of St. Louis, Missouri, just northwest of the Gateway Arch, is a vast and vacant fifty-seven-acre woodland. Oak and hickory trees are slowly reclaiming ground and overtaking the scant remains of thirty-three eleven-story apartment buildings, which once comprised the Pruitt-Igoe public housing complex. Completed in the mid-1950s before construction of the Arch even began, Pruitt-Igoe was one of the largest low-income public housing projects in the country. For nearly a decade, the complex distinguished the St. Louis city's skyline and received praise for its innovative modernist architecture that incorporated the planning principles of a radiant city. Yet just eighteen years after residents moved in, state and federal authorities demolished the towers with explosives and abandoned the site. What caused this immense failure in urban planning and public housing? This critical question is at the center of Chad Freidrichs' documentary, The Pruitt-Igoe Myth: An Urban History. The documentary claims that three interconnected issues account for Pruitt-Igoe's collapse. First, the economy essentially abandoned Pruitt-Igoe. After World War II, midwestern cities like St. Louis were flooding with poorer minorities from the southern states farms, where technology in agriculture displaced laborers. When these minorities arrived, the white middle class moving to the suburbs was nearly complete. Coincidentally, the same act that made Pruitt-Igoe possible also fueled this suburbanization via expanded Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans that made houses on the city's outskirts more affordable. The documentary makes it clear that the move to the suburbs was problematic because it caused the de-population and de-capitalization of Midwestern urban centers, where public housing initiatives were underway and premised upon continued urban growth, demands for high density living, and available jobs—all trends that did not come true. The Pruitt-Igoe myth was confirmation of whites disinterest in accepting minorities into their communities. For example, the whites' exodus to the suburbs (getting away from black people) began reversing itself when some minorities began to move into the suburbs and some whites moved back to the city. Throughout St. Louis history, we see countless number of incidents like these in terms of gentrification. Homes are taken away from minority families through gentrification forcing families to leave their only habitats and social support with services and other needs. The history of Pruitt-Igoe sheds light on today's challenges the city of St. Louis faces in regards to racial disparities. Second, the documentary finds fault with the laws that built and maintained the complex. Pruitt-Igoe was a product of the 1949 Public Housing Act, passed to address mounting problems in urban low income neighborhoods by providing safer houses and eliminating profit making landlords. When it first opened, residents dreamt that Pruitt-Igoe could be a â€Å"poor man's penthouse,† offering beds for all family members, privacy, and healthier living conditions. However, as the documentary maintains, it was a naive assumption on the legislatures that better housing alone could fix the broad societal problems that gave rise to the â€Å"ghettos† in the first place. Further, former residents assert that one of the main reasons Pruitt-Igoe fell was the failure of authorities to plan for the future and secure funds for maintaining the large housing complex. Last and not the least, segregation and racism effectively eliminated any meaningful opportunities remaining for the residents of Pruitt-Igoe. From the beginning, authorities planned to officially segregate the complex and use public housing as a tool to prevent what was termed â€Å"negro de-concentration.† When Pruitt-Igoe opened, though, the Supreme Court's decision that same year in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) required a change of plans, but white residents simply left, which resulted in perpetuating the effects of segregation. Moreover, white public housing authorities attempted to control the predominantly African American inhabitants with moralistic rules, such as restricting adult men, single or married, from living in Pruitt-Igoe. This resulted in broken families and no role model black male figures to help guide the young ones. The residents of Pruitt-Igoe brought these and other numerous issues like sanitation, water, heat and electricity problems to the city and housing officials but to no avail. The City and housing officials failed the residents of Pruitt Igoe. The people were living under deplorable conditions and concentrated poverty but because of the color of their skin they couldn't get any meaningful help or attention. Today, the â€Å"Pruitt-Igoe† issues in St. Louis still exist. Houses and complex apartments may not be demolished, but the constant negligence and lack of support from St. Louis City and housing officials is quite stunning considering we're living in the year 2018. It's so unfortunate that the â€Å"Pruitt-Igoe's† racial issue and the affects are still present today.

Athenian democracy similar to American democracy Essay

Our country was called a democracy when we still had millions of slaves. Our nation today is called a democracy when millions of citizens never exercise their right to vote, a few hundred party leaders select our national political candidates, and only those who have million-dollar treasuries can run for political office with a reasonable chance of winning. Latin American military dictatorships are called democracies. South Vietnam with a single candidate for president during the Vietnam War was called a democracy. The word democracy comes from two Greek words: a noun, demos which means †people† and a verb, kratein, which means †to rule,† Its basic meaning is †government by the people† or â€Å"rule by the ruled.† Ideas were expressed directly through the Assembly, which consisted of all male citizens over 18 years of age and who were willing to attend the sessions held about every 10 days. There was no system of representation calling for long campaigns and expensive elections. If you lived in the country you had to get up at the crack of dawn in order to get to the meeting place of the Assembly, a rocky hillside within the city gates. The police chased all the loafers off the Angora, a kind of public park, in order to encourage good attendance. Anyone who had powerful enough lungs to make himself heard by 6000 or more voters could speak to the Assembly. Of course, if you were a well-known and respected leader your chances of being listened to were greater. Whatever this Assembly decided by vote was the law of the land. Athens, both the city and its surrounding countryside was divided into 10 electoral districts called †tribes.† These districts were further divided into precincts or †demes† which had some limited self-government in the rural areas. Each precinct named candidates over 30 years of age for the Council of 500. From these candidates 50 were chosen by lot for each tribe to serve as members of the Council of 500 for a year’ The final choice by lot was one of the most democratic devices imaginable and reduced the danger of political skullduggery. There was no danger that the Council could turn into a private preserve for the wealthy or influential as modern government bodies have a tendency to do, because members served only one year: no man  could be a member two years in a row; and no one could serve more than twice in his lifetime. Just imagine what our legislatures and Congress would be like if we had rules like that.

Free Essays on How To Improve Your English

that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en... Free Essays on How To Improve Your English Free Essays on How To Improve Your English How To Improve Your English English is now the international language .So it is very important to learn English well. We should study English in the correct way, so that we can make the most of the time we spend learning English. Discovering ways to improve their English is a problem which baffles many students. There are three ways to improve English First of all, We have to learn many English words and study English grammar in great detail. Reading is the best way to increase vocabularies and learn how to avoid making grammar errors. If we read magazines written in English, regular reading will make it easier for us to remember the many new words we come across. Having a dictionary is just like having a teacher close at hand. We need to use a dictionary to look up those words that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en...